References

• Alexander, A. C., Bolzendahl, C., & Jalalzai, F. (2016). Defining Women’s Global Political Empowerment: Theories and Evidence. Sociology Compass, 10(6), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12375
• Baker, K. (2019). Pacific women in politics: Gender quota campaigns in the Pacific Islands. University of Hawaii Press.
• Bari, F. (2005, November). Women’s political participation: Issues and Challenges. In United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women Expert Group Meeting: Enhancing Participation of Women in Development through an Enabling Environment for Achieving Gender Equality and the Advancement of Women. Bangkok (p. 393).
• BBC News. (2007). Benazir Bhutto: A life in pictures. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13997222
• BBC News. (2013). Pakistan profile: Timeline. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12959095
• Bilal, G. (2004). Women Parliamentarians: Swimming Against the Tide. Freedom Publishers, Islamabad.
• Childs, S., & Dahlerup, D. (2018). Increasing women’s descriptive representation in national parliaments: the involvement and impact of gender and politics scholars. European Journal of Politics and Gender, 1(1), 185–204 . https://doi.org/10.1332/251510818x15272520831094
• Dawn. (2008). Asif Ali Zardari sworn in as president. https://www.dawn.com/news/319752
• Dawn. (2008). Fehmida Mirza elected as first woman Speaker of National Assembly. https://www.dawn.com/news/298125
• Dawn. (2011). Hina Rabbani Khar takes charge as foreign minister. https://www.dawn.com/news/647578
• Gilmartin, P., & Brunn, S. (1998). The representation of women in political cartoons of the 1995 world conference on women. Women’s Studies International Forum, 21(5), 535–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5395(98)00063-6
• Government of Pakistan. (1956). The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1956. http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/1956/cons1956.html
• Government of Pakistan. (2002). National Policy for Development and Empowerment of Women. https://www.pcsw.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/National-Policy-for-Development-and-Empowerment-of-Women-2002.pdf
• Government of Pakistan. (2002). Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act. https://www.oecd.org/eurasia/49683661.pdf
• Government of Pakistan. (2006). Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act 2006. https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1313572418_752.pdf
• Government of Pakistan. (2006). Women's Empowerment Package. https://www.pcsw.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Womens-Empowerment-Package.pdf
• Gul, S. (2020). Women’s Political Empowerment: A Historical Overview in Pakistan. Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies, 2(2), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.26710/rope.v2i2.1544
• Ho, A., & Pavlish, C. (2011). Indivisibility of Accountability and Empowerment in Tackling Gender-Based Violence: Lessons from a Refugee Camp in Rwanda. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(1), 88–109. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq052
• Inter-Parliamentary Union (2020). Women in parliament: 1995-2020–25 years in review. https://www.ipu.org/resources/publications/r eports/2020-03/women-in-parliament-1995-2020-25-years-in-review
• Inter-Parliamentary Union. (2013). Women in National Parliaments. https://data.ipu.org/content/women-national-parliaments
• Inter-Parliamentary Union. (2019). Women in politics: 2019. https://www.ipu.org/resources/publications/briefs/2019-03/women-in-politics-2019
• Jabeen, M. (2021). Political Representation of Women in Parliament of Pakistan after Restoration and Increase in Gender Quotas (2002 to 2018). Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 41(1), 163-174. http://pjss.bzu.edu.pk/index.php/pjss/article/view/1074
• Krook, M. L., & O’Brien, D. Z. (2012). All the President’s Men? The Appointment of Female Cabinet Ministers Worldwide. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 840–855. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022381612000382
• Latif, A. (2009). A Critical Analysis of School Enrollment and Literacy Rates of Girls and Women in Pakistan. Educational Studies, 45(5), 424–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131940903190477
• National Democratic Institute. (2021). Women's political participation. https://www.ndi.org/womens-political- participation
• PCSW. (2011). the Acid Control and Acid Crime Prevention Act, 2011 | PCSW. Pcsw.punjab.gov.pk. https://pcsw.punjab.gov.pk/acid#:~:text=The%20Acid%20Control%20and%20Acid%20Crime%20Prevention%20Act%2C%202011%20(Criminal
• Rafay, B., Habib, B., Tariq, U., & Ali, A. A. (2016). Analysis on the Social Legislation and Women Empowerment in Pakistan: Comparative Study of Democratic governments and Dictatorship periods (1947-2012). Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 53(1), 13-26. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/2%20Paper_v53_1_16.pdf
• Reyes, S. L. (2002, September). Quotas in Pakistan: A case study. In International IDEA Workshop “The Implementation of Quotas: Asian Experiences,” Jakarta, Indonesia, September (Vol. 25).
• The Express Tribune. (2011). Sherry Rehman appointed Pakistan's ambassador to US. https://tribune.com.pk/story/128811/sherry-rehman-appointed-pakistans-ambassador-to-us/
• The News International. (2006). Shamshad Akhtar first woman deputy governor SBP. https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/88222-shamshad-akhtar-first-woman-deputy- governor-sbp
• The News International. (2008). Nafisa Shah’s journey from advisor to MNA. https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/121737-nafisa-shah%E2%80%99s-journey-from-advisor-to-mna
• The News International. (2018). Marvi Memon appointed as new BISP chairperson. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/327248-marvi-memon-appointed-as-new-bisp-chairperson
• Tripp, A. M. (2017). Women and politics in Africa. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History
• UN Women. (2021). Report of the Expert Group. https://www.unwomen.org/en/csw/csw65-2021/preparations/expert-group-meeting
• UN Women. (2021). Women's political participation. https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/leadership-and-political-participation/womens-political-participation
• United Nations Development Program. (2002). National Policy for Development and Empowerment of Women. https://www.pk.undp.org/content/dam/pakistan/docs/GenderEquality/National%20Policy%20for%20Development%20and%20Empowerment%20of%20Women.pdf
• United Nations Women. (2012). Prevention of Anti- Women Practices (Criminal Law Amendment) Act, 2011. https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories/2012/03/prevention-of-anti-women-practices-criminal-law-amendment-act-2011
• United Nations. (2004). Constitution of Afghanistan. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Afghanistan_2004.pdf?lang=en
• United Nations. (2005). Women make gains in Iraq election, says top UN official. https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=13761&Cr=iraq&Cr1=
• Watson, R. P. (2006). Madam President: Progress, problems, and prospects for 2008. Journal of International Women's Studies, 8(1), 1-20. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol8/iss1/1