CHALLENGES IN ACCESSIBILITY EXAM PREPARATION FOR STUDENTS WITH LOW VISION IN PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).35      10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).35      Published : Mar 2023
Authored by : Afshan Khalid , Faran Ahmed , Faisal Anis

35 Pages : 350-358

References

  • Abrahamson, I. (2006). Lack of appropriate reading materials—a barrier to the education of visually impaired children in Africa. IFLA journal, 32(3), 222-228.
  • Ainscow, M. (2012b). Moving knowledge around: Strategies for fostering equity within educational systems. Journal of Educational Change, 13(3), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-012-9182-5
  • Amjad, H., & Muhammad, Y. (2019). Teaching students with Down syndrome: Perspectives of special school teachers and psychologists. Journal of Inclusive Education, 3(1), 127-143.
  • Anastasiou, D., & Kauffman, J. M. (2013). The Social Model of Disability: Dichotomy between Impairment and Disability. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 38(4), 441–459. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jht026
  • Anderson, A. (2007). Universal access to educational opportunities: Moving beyond IEPs and instructional accommodations to ensure rights to arts education for students with disabilities. Music Educators Journal, 94(2), 36-40
  • Anjum, M., Muhammad, Y., & Rauf, A. (2021). Teaching in a polarized Islamic society: A phenomenological study of the Christian school teachers in the Gujrat city. Global Regional Review, 6(3), 45‒52. https://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).05
  • Armstrong, A. C., Armstrong, D., & Spandagou, I. (2010). Inclusive Education: International policy & practice. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221990
  • Aslam, A., Muhammad, Y., & Nasir, L. (2022). Transgender students’ experiences of bullying: Some case study evidence. Global Political Review, VII(II), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(vii-ii).09
  • Bittner, A. K., Yoshinaga, P. D., Wykstra, S. L., & Li, T. (2020). Telerehabilitation for people with low vision. The Cochrane Library, 2020(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd011019.pub3
  • Brinkmann, S. (2013). Qualitative interviewing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/qualitative-interviewing-9780197648186?cc=us&lang=en&
  • Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (3rd ed.). London: Sage. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=Dz1mS4oe8qIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • rinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2018). Doing interviews (2nd ed.). London: Sage. https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Doing_Interviews/df1QDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Brinkmann,+S.,+%26+Kvale,+S.+(2018).+Doing+interviews+(2nd+ed.).+London:+Sage&printsec=frontcover
  • Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Research-Methods-in-Education/Cohen-Manion-Morrison/p/book/9781138209886
  • Corn, A. L., Bell, J. K., Andersen, E., Bachofer, C., Jose, R. T., & Pérez, A. M. G. (2003). Providing Access to the Visual Environment: A model of low vision services for children. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 97(5), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0309700502
  • Corn, A. L., & Erin, J. N. (2010). Foundations of low vision: Clinical and functional perspectives: American Foundation for the Blind. https://www.aph.org/product/foundations-of-low-vision-clinical-and-functional-perspectives-2nd-edition/
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. New York: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.): Sage Publications. https://www.amazon.com/Research-Design-Qualitative-Quantitative-Approaches/dp/1452226105
  • Dovigo, F. (2017). Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Practices. An International Perspective. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. https://aisberg.unibg.it/handle/10446/76762
  • Edwards, R., & Holland, J. (2023). What is qualitative interviewing? Bloomsbury Open Access. https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/qualitative-interviewing-9781350275126/
  • Esmail, S., Darry, K., Walter, A., & Knupp, H. (2010). Attitudes and perceptions towards disability and sexuality. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(14), 1148–1155. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638280903419277
  • Flick, U. (2021). Doing interview research: The Essential How to Guide. Sage Publications Limited.
  • Government of Pakistan. (2006). National Plan of Action 2006 to implement the national policy for persons with disabilities. Islamabad: Ministry of Social Welfare and Special Education (Directorate General of Special Education). https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/10/Pakistan_National-Plan-of-Action-to-implement-the-National-Policy-for-Persons-with-Disabilities-2006-%E2%80%93-2011.pdf
  • Graham, L. (2020). Inclusive education for the 21st century: Theory, policy and practice. Crows Nest NSW: Allen & Unwin.
  • Gul, R. (2020). Disability Policies In Pakistan: The Way Forward. Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 11(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v11i1.436
  • Hill, J. (1996). Speaking Out: Perceptions of Students with Disabilities Regarding Adequacy of Services and Willingness of Faculty To Make Accommodations. The Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 12(1), 22–43. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ555749.pdf
  • Hosking, D. L. (2008). Critical disability theory. A paper presented at the 4th biennial disability studies conference at Lancaster University, UK, Sept. 2-4, 2008. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 72(3), 467-478. https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/events/disabilityconference_archive/2008/papers/hosking2008.pdf
  • Iqbal, T., & Muhammad, Y. (2020). Using differentiated instruction in inclusive schools: A qualitative analysis of prospective teachers’ self- efficacy. Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(1), 229- 257.
  • Kafle, N. (2013). Hermeneutic phenomenological research method simplified. Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5(1), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.3126/bodhi.v5i1.8053
  • Kamenopoulou, L. (2018a). Inclusive education and disability in the global south. Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72829-2
  • Khalid, A. (2020). Challenges faced by students with low vision in preparing for public exams: A qualitative study. (MPhil MPhil Thesis). University of Management and Technology, Johar Town Campus, Lahore.
  • Khalid, A., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2021). Challenges Faced by Students with Low Vision in Preparing for their Public Exams: A Qualitative Study. Global Educational Studies Review, VI(III), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(vi-iii).05
  • Khan, S., & Jay, W. (2008). Colored filter lens preferences in low vision patients. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49(13), 4113- 4113. https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2379496
  • King, N., Brooks, J., & Tabari, S. (2017). Template analysis in business and management research. In Springer eBooks (pp. 179–206). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65442-3_8
  • Lindsay, S., McPherson, A. C., Afolabi, D., Spiers, A., Talbot, K., Munro, K., . . . Snider, L. (2018). The importance of self-advocacy and self- determination for creating inclusive environments for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(2), 154-172
  • Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B., & Blanco, G. L. (2022). Designing qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publishing.
  • Mberimana, E. (2018). Factors that Hinder Academic Performance of Learners with Visual impairments in Two Selected Special Schools of Rwanda. http://dr.ur.ac.rw/handle/123456789/347
  • Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis: John Wiley & Sons
  • Miles, M., Huberman, M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). New York: Sage Publications.
  • Mills, G., & Jordan, A. (2022). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (13 ed.). Boston: Pearson Education
  • Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019). How to present qualitative data. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 11(4), 383-385.
  • Newby, P. (2014). Research methods for education (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Nichols, A. H., & Quaye, S. (2009). Removing barriers to academic and social engagement for students with disabilities. Student engagement in higher education: Theoretical perspectives and practical approaches for diverse populations, 39- 60.
  • Rajpoot, S., Muhammad, Y., & Anis, F. (2021). Bullying in universities: A qualitative analysis of the lived experiences of students with special needs. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 4(1), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(388-397)
  • Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). London: SAGE Publications Limited.
  • Saleem, A., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2023). Managing public elementary school classrooms in Lahore: Physical facilities related challenges for novice teachers. Global Educational Studies Review, 8(2), 377-387. https://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).34
  • Shah, S. P., Minto, H., Jadoon, M. Z., Bourne, R., Dineen, B., Gilbert, C., & Khan, M. D. (2008). Prevalence and causes of functional low vision and implications for services: The Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49(3), 887. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0646
  • Shields, C. M., & Mohan, E. (2008). High‐quality education for all students: putting social justice at its heart. Teacher Development, 12(4), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530802579843
  • Silverman, D. (2018). Doing qualitative research. SAGE Publications Limited
  • Singal, N. (2016). Education of children with disabilities in India and Pakistan: Critical analysis of developments in the last 15 years. PROSPECTS, 46(1), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-016-9383-4
  • Small, M. L., & Calarco, J. M. (2022). Qualitative literacy: A Guide to Evaluating Ethnographic and Interview Research. Univ of California Press.
  • Tahira, M., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2020). Early childhood teachers’ attitudes towards teacher-directed classroom management strategies in inclusive settings. Journal of Early Childhood Care and Education, 4(1), 37-60. https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/ecce/article/view/439
  • Imbeau, M. B., & Tomlinson, C. A. (2010). Leading and managing a differentiated classroom. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED516357
  • Toutain, C. (2019). Barriers to Accommodations for Students with Disabilities in Higher Education: A Literature Review. The Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 32(3), 297–310. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1236832.pdf
  • Tracy, S. J. (2020). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Tracy, S. J. (2020). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Vagle, M. D. (2018). Crafting phenomenological research. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315173474
  • Manen, M. V. (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB23150965
  • Manen, M. V. (2023). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Taylor & Francis. n https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003228073/phenomenology-practice-max-van-mane

References

  • Abrahamson, I. (2006). Lack of appropriate reading materials—a barrier to the education of visually impaired children in Africa. IFLA journal, 32(3), 222-228.
  • Ainscow, M. (2012b). Moving knowledge around: Strategies for fostering equity within educational systems. Journal of Educational Change, 13(3), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-012-9182-5
  • Amjad, H., & Muhammad, Y. (2019). Teaching students with Down syndrome: Perspectives of special school teachers and psychologists. Journal of Inclusive Education, 3(1), 127-143.
  • Anastasiou, D., & Kauffman, J. M. (2013). The Social Model of Disability: Dichotomy between Impairment and Disability. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 38(4), 441–459. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jht026
  • Anderson, A. (2007). Universal access to educational opportunities: Moving beyond IEPs and instructional accommodations to ensure rights to arts education for students with disabilities. Music Educators Journal, 94(2), 36-40
  • Anjum, M., Muhammad, Y., & Rauf, A. (2021). Teaching in a polarized Islamic society: A phenomenological study of the Christian school teachers in the Gujrat city. Global Regional Review, 6(3), 45‒52. https://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).05
  • Armstrong, A. C., Armstrong, D., & Spandagou, I. (2010). Inclusive Education: International policy & practice. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221990
  • Aslam, A., Muhammad, Y., & Nasir, L. (2022). Transgender students’ experiences of bullying: Some case study evidence. Global Political Review, VII(II), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(vii-ii).09
  • Bittner, A. K., Yoshinaga, P. D., Wykstra, S. L., & Li, T. (2020). Telerehabilitation for people with low vision. The Cochrane Library, 2020(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd011019.pub3
  • Brinkmann, S. (2013). Qualitative interviewing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/qualitative-interviewing-9780197648186?cc=us&lang=en&
  • Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (3rd ed.). London: Sage. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=Dz1mS4oe8qIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • rinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2018). Doing interviews (2nd ed.). London: Sage. https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Doing_Interviews/df1QDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Brinkmann,+S.,+%26+Kvale,+S.+(2018).+Doing+interviews+(2nd+ed.).+London:+Sage&printsec=frontcover
  • Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Research-Methods-in-Education/Cohen-Manion-Morrison/p/book/9781138209886
  • Corn, A. L., Bell, J. K., Andersen, E., Bachofer, C., Jose, R. T., & Pérez, A. M. G. (2003). Providing Access to the Visual Environment: A model of low vision services for children. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 97(5), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0309700502
  • Corn, A. L., & Erin, J. N. (2010). Foundations of low vision: Clinical and functional perspectives: American Foundation for the Blind. https://www.aph.org/product/foundations-of-low-vision-clinical-and-functional-perspectives-2nd-edition/
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. New York: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.): Sage Publications. https://www.amazon.com/Research-Design-Qualitative-Quantitative-Approaches/dp/1452226105
  • Dovigo, F. (2017). Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Practices. An International Perspective. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. https://aisberg.unibg.it/handle/10446/76762
  • Edwards, R., & Holland, J. (2023). What is qualitative interviewing? Bloomsbury Open Access. https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/qualitative-interviewing-9781350275126/
  • Esmail, S., Darry, K., Walter, A., & Knupp, H. (2010). Attitudes and perceptions towards disability and sexuality. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(14), 1148–1155. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638280903419277
  • Flick, U. (2021). Doing interview research: The Essential How to Guide. Sage Publications Limited.
  • Government of Pakistan. (2006). National Plan of Action 2006 to implement the national policy for persons with disabilities. Islamabad: Ministry of Social Welfare and Special Education (Directorate General of Special Education). https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/10/Pakistan_National-Plan-of-Action-to-implement-the-National-Policy-for-Persons-with-Disabilities-2006-%E2%80%93-2011.pdf
  • Graham, L. (2020). Inclusive education for the 21st century: Theory, policy and practice. Crows Nest NSW: Allen & Unwin.
  • Gul, R. (2020). Disability Policies In Pakistan: The Way Forward. Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 11(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v11i1.436
  • Hill, J. (1996). Speaking Out: Perceptions of Students with Disabilities Regarding Adequacy of Services and Willingness of Faculty To Make Accommodations. The Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 12(1), 22–43. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ555749.pdf
  • Hosking, D. L. (2008). Critical disability theory. A paper presented at the 4th biennial disability studies conference at Lancaster University, UK, Sept. 2-4, 2008. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 72(3), 467-478. https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/events/disabilityconference_archive/2008/papers/hosking2008.pdf
  • Iqbal, T., & Muhammad, Y. (2020). Using differentiated instruction in inclusive schools: A qualitative analysis of prospective teachers’ self- efficacy. Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(1), 229- 257.
  • Kafle, N. (2013). Hermeneutic phenomenological research method simplified. Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5(1), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.3126/bodhi.v5i1.8053
  • Kamenopoulou, L. (2018a). Inclusive education and disability in the global south. Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72829-2
  • Khalid, A. (2020). Challenges faced by students with low vision in preparing for public exams: A qualitative study. (MPhil MPhil Thesis). University of Management and Technology, Johar Town Campus, Lahore.
  • Khalid, A., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2021). Challenges Faced by Students with Low Vision in Preparing for their Public Exams: A Qualitative Study. Global Educational Studies Review, VI(III), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(vi-iii).05
  • Khan, S., & Jay, W. (2008). Colored filter lens preferences in low vision patients. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49(13), 4113- 4113. https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2379496
  • King, N., Brooks, J., & Tabari, S. (2017). Template analysis in business and management research. In Springer eBooks (pp. 179–206). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65442-3_8
  • Lindsay, S., McPherson, A. C., Afolabi, D., Spiers, A., Talbot, K., Munro, K., . . . Snider, L. (2018). The importance of self-advocacy and self- determination for creating inclusive environments for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(2), 154-172
  • Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B., & Blanco, G. L. (2022). Designing qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publishing.
  • Mberimana, E. (2018). Factors that Hinder Academic Performance of Learners with Visual impairments in Two Selected Special Schools of Rwanda. http://dr.ur.ac.rw/handle/123456789/347
  • Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis: John Wiley & Sons
  • Miles, M., Huberman, M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). New York: Sage Publications.
  • Mills, G., & Jordan, A. (2022). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (13 ed.). Boston: Pearson Education
  • Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019). How to present qualitative data. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 11(4), 383-385.
  • Newby, P. (2014). Research methods for education (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Nichols, A. H., & Quaye, S. (2009). Removing barriers to academic and social engagement for students with disabilities. Student engagement in higher education: Theoretical perspectives and practical approaches for diverse populations, 39- 60.
  • Rajpoot, S., Muhammad, Y., & Anis, F. (2021). Bullying in universities: A qualitative analysis of the lived experiences of students with special needs. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 4(1), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(388-397)
  • Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). London: SAGE Publications Limited.
  • Saleem, A., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2023). Managing public elementary school classrooms in Lahore: Physical facilities related challenges for novice teachers. Global Educational Studies Review, 8(2), 377-387. https://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).34
  • Shah, S. P., Minto, H., Jadoon, M. Z., Bourne, R., Dineen, B., Gilbert, C., & Khan, M. D. (2008). Prevalence and causes of functional low vision and implications for services: The Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49(3), 887. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0646
  • Shields, C. M., & Mohan, E. (2008). High‐quality education for all students: putting social justice at its heart. Teacher Development, 12(4), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530802579843
  • Silverman, D. (2018). Doing qualitative research. SAGE Publications Limited
  • Singal, N. (2016). Education of children with disabilities in India and Pakistan: Critical analysis of developments in the last 15 years. PROSPECTS, 46(1), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-016-9383-4
  • Small, M. L., & Calarco, J. M. (2022). Qualitative literacy: A Guide to Evaluating Ethnographic and Interview Research. Univ of California Press.
  • Tahira, M., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2020). Early childhood teachers’ attitudes towards teacher-directed classroom management strategies in inclusive settings. Journal of Early Childhood Care and Education, 4(1), 37-60. https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/ecce/article/view/439
  • Imbeau, M. B., & Tomlinson, C. A. (2010). Leading and managing a differentiated classroom. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED516357
  • Toutain, C. (2019). Barriers to Accommodations for Students with Disabilities in Higher Education: A Literature Review. The Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 32(3), 297–310. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1236832.pdf
  • Tracy, S. J. (2020). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Tracy, S. J. (2020). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Vagle, M. D. (2018). Crafting phenomenological research. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315173474
  • Manen, M. V. (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB23150965
  • Manen, M. V. (2023). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Taylor & Francis. n https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003228073/phenomenology-practice-max-van-mane

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Khalid, A., Ahmed, F., & Anis, F. (2023). Challenges in Accessibility: Exam Preparation for Students with Low Vision in Pakistan. Global Sociological Review, VIII(I), 350-358. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).35

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khalid, Afshan, Faran Ahmed, and Faisal Anis. 2023. "Challenges in Accessibility: Exam Preparation for Students with Low Vision in Pakistan." Global Sociological Review, VIII (I): 350-358 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).35

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHALID, A., AHMED, F. & ANIS, F. 2023. Challenges in Accessibility: Exam Preparation for Students with Low Vision in Pakistan. Global Sociological Review, VIII, 350-358.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khalid, Afshan, Faran Ahmed, and Faisal Anis. 2023. "Challenges in Accessibility: Exam Preparation for Students with Low Vision in Pakistan." Global Sociological Review, VIII: 350-358

MLA

    MLA : Khalid, Afshan, Faran Ahmed, and Faisal Anis. "Challenges in Accessibility: Exam Preparation for Students with Low Vision in Pakistan." Global Sociological Review, VIII.I (2023): 350-358 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khalid, Afshan, Ahmed, Faran, and Anis, Faisal (2023), "Challenges in Accessibility: Exam Preparation for Students with Low Vision in Pakistan", Global Sociological Review, VIII (I), 350-358

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Khalid, Afshan, Faran Ahmed, and Faisal Anis. "Challenges in Accessibility: Exam Preparation for Students with Low Vision in Pakistan." Global Sociological Review VIII, no. I (2023): 350-358. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).35