EFFECTS OF TV ADVERTISEMENTS ON SEXUALIZATION OF PAKISTANI CHILDREN A PERSPECTIVE OF HEAVY AND LIGHT VIEWERS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).28      10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).28      Published : Jun 2022
Authored by : Qasim Mahmood , AmnaSalim , Amna Zulfiqar

28 Pages : 255-268

References

  • Asher, T. (2013, November 26). Girls, sexuality, and popular culture: Off our backs. Ball Gowns and Combat Tatoos . https://ballgownsandcombatboots.wordpress.com/2013/11/26/asher/
  • Bandura, A. R., D., & Ross, S. A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. General Learning Press, New York.
  • Behm-Morawitz, E., & Mastro, D. (2009). The effects of the sexualization of female video game characters on gender stereotyping and female self-concept. Sex roles.
  • Bragg, S., Buckingham, D., Russell, R., & Willett, R. (2011). Too Much, Too Soon? Children, ‘Sexualisation’ and Consumer Culture. Sex Education, 11(3), 279-292.
  • Bryant, J., & Rockwell, S.C. (1994). Effects of massive exposure to sexually oriented prime- time television programming on adolescents' moral judgment. In D. Zillman, J. Bryant, & A.C. Huston (Eds.), Media, children, and the family: Social, scientific, psychodynamic, and clinical perspectives (pp. 183-195). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Buckingham, D. (2000). After the Death of Childhood. Polity Press, Cambridge: UK.
  • Calvert, S. L. (2008). Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. The Future of Children, 18(1), 205– 234. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0001
  • Lin, C. A. (1997). Beefcake versus cheesecake in the 1990s: Sexist portrayals of both genders in television commercials. Howard Journal of Communications, 8(3), 237– 249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646179709361757
  • Daniels, E. A. (2009). Sex objects, athletes, and sexy athletes: How media representations of women athletes can impact adolescent girls and college women. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24(4), 399–422.
  • Dill, K. E., Brown, B., & Collins, M. J. (2008). Effects of exposure to sex-stereotyped video game characters on tolerance of sexual harassment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(5), 1402– 1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.06.002
  • Donnerstein, E., & Smith, S. (2001). Sex in the media: Theory, influences, and solutions. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 289–307). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gibbs, G. (2007). Analyzing Qualitative Data. Mila Steele, John Nightingale, 2nd Edition, SAGE Pubication Inc. Thousands Oak: California
  • Gill, R. (2008). Empowerment/Sexism: Figuring Female Sexual Agency in Contemporary Advertising. Feminism & Psychology, 18(1), 35– 60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507084950
  • Grabe, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2009). Body Objectification, MTV, and Psychological Outcomes Among Female Adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39: 2840-2858. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00552.x
  • Kaiser Family Foundation. (2005, January). U.S. teen sexual activity. Menlo Park, CA: Author. http://www.kff.org/youthhivstds/upload/U-S-Teen-Sexual-Activity-Fact-Sheet.pdf
  • Linda Hatch (2011) The American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls: A Review, Update and Commentary, Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 18(4), 195- 211, https://DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2011.613326
  • McLeod, S. A. (2011). Bandura - Social Learning Theory . www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html
  • Merskin, D. (2004). Reviving Lolita? A Media Literacy Examination of Sexual Portrayals of Girls in Fashion Advertising. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(1), 119-129. https://DOI:10.1177/0002764204267257
  • Neil, M. M., & Emily, A. I. (2001). Research on sex in the media: What do we know about effects on children and adolescents? In D.G. Singe & J.L. Singer (Eds.) Handbook of Children and the Media. (pp: 269-287), Thousand Oaks: Sage
  • Piaget, J. (1936). Origins of intelligence in the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
  • Shanahan, J., Shanahan, J., James, S., & Morgan, M. (1999). Television and its viewers: Cultivation heory and research. Cambridge university press.
  • Zurbriggen, E. L., Collins, R. L., Lamb, S., Roberts, T.-A., Tolman, D. L., & Ward, L. M. (2007). APA task force on the sexualization of girls. American Psychological Association
  • Asher, T. (2013, November 26). Girls, sexuality, and popular culture: Off our backs. Ball Gowns and Combat Tatoos . https://ballgownsandcombatboots.wordpress.com/2013/11/26/asher/
  • Bandura, A. R., D., & Ross, S. A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. General Learning Press, New York.
  • Behm-Morawitz, E., & Mastro, D. (2009). The effects of the sexualization of female video game characters on gender stereotyping and female self-concept. Sex roles.
  • Bragg, S., Buckingham, D., Russell, R., & Willett, R. (2011). Too Much, Too Soon? Children, ‘Sexualisation’ and Consumer Culture. Sex Education, 11(3), 279-292.
  • Bryant, J., & Rockwell, S.C. (1994). Effects of massive exposure to sexually oriented prime- time television programming on adolescents' moral judgment. In D. Zillman, J. Bryant, & A.C. Huston (Eds.), Media, children, and the family: Social, scientific, psychodynamic, and clinical perspectives (pp. 183-195). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Buckingham, D. (2000). After the Death of Childhood. Polity Press, Cambridge: UK.
  • Calvert, S. L. (2008). Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. The Future of Children, 18(1), 205– 234. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0001
  • Lin, C. A. (1997). Beefcake versus cheesecake in the 1990s: Sexist portrayals of both genders in television commercials. Howard Journal of Communications, 8(3), 237– 249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646179709361757
  • Daniels, E. A. (2009). Sex objects, athletes, and sexy athletes: How media representations of women athletes can impact adolescent girls and college women. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24(4), 399–422.
  • Dill, K. E., Brown, B., & Collins, M. J. (2008). Effects of exposure to sex-stereotyped video game characters on tolerance of sexual harassment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(5), 1402– 1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.06.002
  • Donnerstein, E., & Smith, S. (2001). Sex in the media: Theory, influences, and solutions. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 289–307). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gibbs, G. (2007). Analyzing Qualitative Data. Mila Steele, John Nightingale, 2nd Edition, SAGE Pubication Inc. Thousands Oak: California
  • Gill, R. (2008). Empowerment/Sexism: Figuring Female Sexual Agency in Contemporary Advertising. Feminism & Psychology, 18(1), 35– 60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507084950
  • Grabe, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2009). Body Objectification, MTV, and Psychological Outcomes Among Female Adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39: 2840-2858. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00552.x
  • Kaiser Family Foundation. (2005, January). U.S. teen sexual activity. Menlo Park, CA: Author. http://www.kff.org/youthhivstds/upload/U-S-Teen-Sexual-Activity-Fact-Sheet.pdf
  • Linda Hatch (2011) The American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls: A Review, Update and Commentary, Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 18(4), 195- 211, https://DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2011.613326
  • McLeod, S. A. (2011). Bandura - Social Learning Theory . www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html
  • Merskin, D. (2004). Reviving Lolita? A Media Literacy Examination of Sexual Portrayals of Girls in Fashion Advertising. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(1), 119-129. https://DOI:10.1177/0002764204267257
  • Neil, M. M., & Emily, A. I. (2001). Research on sex in the media: What do we know about effects on children and adolescents? In D.G. Singe & J.L. Singer (Eds.) Handbook of Children and the Media. (pp: 269-287), Thousand Oaks: Sage
  • Piaget, J. (1936). Origins of intelligence in the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
  • Shanahan, J., Shanahan, J., James, S., & Morgan, M. (1999). Television and its viewers: Cultivation heory and research. Cambridge university press.
  • Zurbriggen, E. L., Collins, R. L., Lamb, S., Roberts, T.-A., Tolman, D. L., & Ward, L. M. (2007). APA task force on the sexualization of girls. American Psychological Association

Cite this article

    APA : Mahmood, Q., Salim, A., & Zulfiqar, A. (2022). Effects of TV Advertisements on Sexualization of Pakistani Children: A Perspective of Heavy and Light Viewers. Global Sociological Review, VII(II), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).28
    CHICAGO : Mahmood, Qasim, Amna Salim, and Amna Zulfiqar. 2022. "Effects of TV Advertisements on Sexualization of Pakistani Children: A Perspective of Heavy and Light Viewers." Global Sociological Review, VII (II): 255-268 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).28
    HARVARD : MAHMOOD, Q., SALIM, A. & ZULFIQAR, A. 2022. Effects of TV Advertisements on Sexualization of Pakistani Children: A Perspective of Heavy and Light Viewers. Global Sociological Review, VII, 255-268.
    MHRA : Mahmood, Qasim, Amna Salim, and Amna Zulfiqar. 2022. "Effects of TV Advertisements on Sexualization of Pakistani Children: A Perspective of Heavy and Light Viewers." Global Sociological Review, VII: 255-268
    MLA : Mahmood, Qasim, Amna Salim, and Amna Zulfiqar. "Effects of TV Advertisements on Sexualization of Pakistani Children: A Perspective of Heavy and Light Viewers." Global Sociological Review, VII.II (2022): 255-268 Print.
    OXFORD : Mahmood, Qasim, Salim, Amna, and Zulfiqar, Amna (2022), "Effects of TV Advertisements on Sexualization of Pakistani Children: A Perspective of Heavy and Light Viewers", Global Sociological Review, VII (II), 255-268
    TURABIAN : Mahmood, Qasim, Amna Salim, and Amna Zulfiqar. "Effects of TV Advertisements on Sexualization of Pakistani Children: A Perspective of Heavy and Light Viewers." Global Sociological Review VII, no. II (2022): 255-268. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).28