Abstract

The present research was focused on the “Social & economic impact of Diamer Basha Dam Officer Colony Development on Dislocated Families”. The total population was "131 Affectees Families", those families who were affected by the “Land Acquisition of WAPDA Officer Colony”. The total sample was 99 participants and used a random sampling technique. The researcher developed a “Structured Questionnaire” and adopted a Descriptive Exploratory Design. The interview was conducted with "25" affectees' families members, and the researcher used SPSS and used "Chi-Square Test" the study shows that 'There is no statistically significant effect of the social-economic situation of Diamer Basha Dam officer colony Development on Displaced people. The findings stated that the affected families were taking the compensated money for property “up to “98%”& for structure 99%” although for other cases takes “49.5%” compensation received by the displaced people. The whole research stated that the satisfaction ratio related to the "Post Project” condition was “92.9%” fully satisfied. But still, a mostly ratio of persons was fully “Unsatisfied” by this compensation.

Key Words

Resettlements, Socio-Economic, Affectees Families, Values & Norms, Construction of Dam

Introduction

 According to the World Bank States, “Resettlement includes all financial, social sufferers due to land taking and limiting condition of access together with consequential compensates, and curative processes. In addition, stated that resettlement comprises (1) “Acquisition of Land and Physical Structure on Land”, (2) “Physical Relocation”, (3) “Economic Rehabilitation of Displaced People to Improve Income and Living Standard” (Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook, World bank, 2004).

The development has effects on human beings and the environment; it could be positive effects and negative effects. However, advancement is very important to giving basic needs and improvement of economic growth. At the same time, "Development projects” usually involve people being willingly resettled from where they live. Development leading displacements of people face many problems in human society; migrants to highly developed cities or areas. This relocation is traditionally linked with the construction of“ “Dams”. “The unthinking resettlement to dislocation moment and again thrashing of livelihood and hardship” (CerneoMithurlctil1996).

Displacement has two types, which are (1) Primary displacement: which is often conformist and able to handle through planning (2) Secondary Displacement: which is difficult to handle (Gellert, PaulK., ’Lynch, Barrbaraetal 2003). Here are two examples of “Primary and Secondary” displacements: (1) Three Gorges in "China, Lliu in Turkey, Urra in Colombia. "Around about (1.4Millions) affectees indirect & direct placed (Sahoo and others qtal, 2014). (2) "Dassu Hydropower Project" in Pakistan: which is under construction, and (6953) people will displace.




Diamer Basha Dam Hydro Power Project

Pakistan “Water & Power Development Authority” (WAPDA) is going to construct this dam on behalf of the Government of Pakistan and is implementing the multipurpose Project of the Diamer Basha Dam. The Dam site is located at the upper Indus River, nearly 40 km downstream of Chilas District Diamer Gilgit Baltistan. The dam is situated around about “315 km” upriver from “Tarbela Hydropower Project. It would be a roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam; with a crest length of over 1000m; and a maximum height of 272m, with a total installed capacity of 4500MW  with an annual power generation of 18097 GWh.

The Project area is a Tribal Society in nature, having very conservative and stern social norms and values. The project area is part of Karakorum valley sand and has thousands of years of old civilisation.

It is a complex mission for achieving maximum mitigation, having immense Social Institutional Impacts on all its aspects like Family, Economic, Education, Political, Religious, Culture and Civilizations. The project will displace 45000 plus people living in 5700 households of 33 villages situated above the dam site on both the banks of the Indus River in the Diamer district. Total land acquisition for the project is 15150 ha, with 7670 ha consisting of private land under cultivation, structures and other uses (till now, 95% of Land Acquisition has been completed). Besides these, a sizable number of public, community and business infrastructures will be impacted. The project will impact thousands of years old 33000 Rock Carvings and Inscriptions that would also be submerged under their reservoir, in which only 3500 could be preserved.

Considering the nature and immense impacts by all the social institutions, the scale of the resettlement and the criteria of the Asia Development Bank operational directives, the project falls under Category A, thus after a detailed Social Impact Assessment and compliance with the international safeguards policies, a comprehensive Resettlement Action Plan has been developed containing all the potential Safeguards plans like Information dissemination, Relocation Management, Livelihood, Business Restoration, Gender Development, Education, Health & Cultural Heritage.




WAPDA Officer Colony at Thore Valley of Chilas

The Research Paper study area Phase I of the Diamer Basha Dam WAPDA officer’s colony Contraction at Thore valley of Chilas. Pakistan Water & Power Development Authority attained“ “49 Acre” of land for  WAPDA Colony at Thore Valley. Due to the construction of the WAPDA officer colony, almost “3 villages, 34000 people” & “1572 families” have been dislocated in “Thore Valley of Chilas”. For the constriction of “WAPDA Colony”, displaced people received cash amounts for their home and land by (WAPDA).




Problem Statement

Social and economic impacts of “Diamer Basha Dam Development” of Dislocated Families in district Diamer there are numerous factors involved in this study area, but the present study focuses on the Social & Economic aspects of involuntary resettlement. The effect of the Dam project on regional values might be influenced in many ways; Therefore, Dams are normally constructed in hilly regions, in which numerous “Cultural Minority” people live with very different customs and values. While displacement of these people might disturb their customary lifecycle, due to that, they may lose a lot of their family's traditional culture. Social and economic studies related to the effects of the Dam project show the “Cost & Benefits” during the examination of affected people. Many studies revealed that for the reason of the construction of "Dam" and resettlement affects “Social and cultural Values, Damage to Means of Support, low level of Well-being, Livelihood, destroy their hujra system etc." Similarly, the researcher will investigate the social and economic impact of the Diamer Bash Dam development on displaced people of “District Diamer Gilgit Baltistan”.




Research Questions

? What are the social aspects involved in involuntary resettlement?

? How do economic factors impact involuntary resettlement?

Review of Literature

(Jackson and Sleigh, 2000) studies suggested that the construction of dam's connected with development and has an important effect on society and social-economic circumstances through "Resettlement & Displacement", especially in developing countries (Amin and Thrift,1995; Behera, 2006). The researcher said that international economic growth techniques are going through evolutions and involve many changes in people's lifestyles, which started in "Since the 1980s" in developing nations.

(Shirley and Kammen, 2015) stated that large “Dam” must be considered asocial technological schemes and embedded inside the economic and social setting and reciprocally affects social and political organisations.

Cernea and McDowell (2000) reveal that Development" brings about displacement and it is linked with the required relocation and also connected with a mark of attention for planned strategies and scholastic ducat ion. The developing significance of “Development induced Displacement” (DID) should be explained by the incredible enhancement of many advancement systems Everywhere in the world, and social and economic concerns on public emotions link to this setup. ”(Cernea, 2000; Cernea & Mc Dowell, 2000; WCD, 2000) studies found that during the previous year’s more than(“Hundred Million”) population displaced everywhere in the world And around about (“1 hundred Million”) have been disconnected in lieu of organisational structure and development project single-handed.

Égré Dominique & Pierre Senécal's (2003) research conducted on large dam projects, "Three Gorges in China, Lliu in Turkey, Urra in Colombia", study shows issues caused by these projects are significant and very compound. On the other hand socio-economic side, they comprise “Protection of cultural heritage, Resettlement of large numbers of people, Health & Well-being of affected people both downstream & upstream, Economic survival and development, Gender & Minority Rights”.

(Egre & Senecal, 1990) their searcher focuses on resettlement because, according to studies, the most austere form of social impact is created by the "Dam". In many nations production of dams and the construction of large natural and artificial lakes used as a source of water implicate the “Resettlement” of a huge numeral of persons due to serious and significant access to the water used by the lakes & rivers being seized, an important contribution to a large number of people.

(McCully 2001; Smith, 1968) the study conducted on social economics related to the impact of dams generally deliberates the “Cost & Benefit” investigation, whereas the researcher examines local community observations. It is very significant to investigate the perceptions of the Affectees' Families while studying Dams' “Social & Economic” effects for a reason these “Approaches” integrate an estimation of the many aims of groups of people. They achieved their goals through the construction and development of the dam. Dislocation and replacement of people are the basic components of large Dams' "Social & Economic" influences. Additional effects on people such as “Damage to Means of Support, Loss of Revenue, Threat to Well-being”.

McDonald et al. (2009) researchers revealed that there are numerous problems linked to the construction of Dams in the whole world. While regarded from a societal perception, the condition in “Sudan” is not irregular. Certainly entirely, Dams on the global level, as well as “Sudan Dams & Current Merowe Dam”, are shown in “Damage of Livelihood & and Dislocation of whole Communities”.

(Varma, 2003; Verhoeven, 2011) the research conducted on the social effects of dislocation, replacement, Livelihood, and impacts on the Social and economic condition of affectees' families has to be studied. However, they don't deliberate “How Social, ethnic and political situations" differ in many regions. So, normalising the societal effect of Dams might destroy the numerous “Contributions Dams” have produced for people in many areas of the countries.

(Égré and Senécal 2003; Tilt, Braun et al. 2009) The researchers said that the societal significances of “Big Dams” have many effects on a large number of persons being moved or resettled, unequal distribution of “Cost & Benefits” amongst different people and also effects on “Indigenous & Tribal” people and their beliefs.

The studies suggested that the construction of dams not only in Asian countries but construction of a dam in all other areas has a very great ratio (Liu and Diamond 2005; Bawa, Koh et al. 2010). Although the two most populated nations in the world, which are “India & China” are constructing most “Large Dams”. There is economic growth in these nations not only requiring extra “Energy & Water Supply” but also given the economic “Resources” for the building of new projects like construction of Big Dams.

(Longman 2008) The scientist revealed that the U.S had constructed the highest numeral of Big Dams in “North America, approximately 8000”. On the other hand, new development was manifest as “Old & Poorly” working Dams were officially stopped across the U.S. Just about “15 years ago the topmost official at United States Bureau Of Reclamation” they had been in authority for constructing big Dams all over American West, stated that the time of Large Dams is stopped.




Theoretical Framework

The “Theoretical Framework” indicates the assumption of the hypothesis that describes “Why the Difficulties in the Research process arise”. On the other hand, the framework explains the true observations of the study, and research proposals also connect to applicable theories, concepts and models developed for the duration of the "Literature Review”. The resettlement theory as, well admitted as displaced with the target of feasible development has gradually been acknowledged among “Resettlement” practitioners.




Rational Action Theory

Rational Action Theory, also called "Rational Choice Theory", this theory emphasises socio-economic actions & behaviours of human life. It's a "Sociological Theory" which originated from the "Microeconomic School of Thoughts & Behaviorism in Psychology” Rational Action Theory Got “A Nobel Memorial Prize laureate in Economic Science” (Becker, G. 1976). According to a researcher, “An individual acts as if balancing cost against benefits to arrive at action that maximises personal advantage” ”(Friedman,1953).




Rational Choice Theory & Collective Action

“The individuals will find it profitable to explore the possibility of organising and activity collectively when the experts that he may increase his utility”. Additional, he describes two types 1st is “It May Reduce the External Cost Which the Private Actions of Other Individuals Imposed on Individual in Question”. 2nd type is “Collective Action” Could Enable Individual Secure Some External Benefits Which May Not Be Secured by Individuals Struggles Alone”(Buchanan Tullock, 1974). The researcher said that when individuals are involved in any "Collective Action", even if their activities leads on the way to self-regard or not, many researchers revealed that "Individuals Behaviors" shows " Person Will Only Contribute to "Collective Action" that ultimately leads on the way to their benefits exists (Buchanan Tullock,1974)

According to A bell, “Rational Action” Theory" has some Assumptions, which are: Individualism, Optimality, Rationality, Structures, and Self-Regarding Interest. “Rationality” is the most important assumption of “Rational Action Theory”; according to this assumption, an individual's actions are that more will be in return. All individual is ultimate to actions that seem to be the best choice and exceptionally bet their own profits.




Application of Theory

The theoretical framework on resettlement and socio-economic development of human beings and the framework discuss cost and benefits of individuals in society and describe how the construction of dams is beneficial for the social and economic development of the area and, of course, for the whole nation, how these advancements decreasing poverty and sustain the development. Humans should take “Collective actions” for the betterment of themselves and for the whole society that may affect displaced people's social and economic conditions and every life. At the same time, for many technical and everyday problems, the accomplishment of the viable means of support method has been observed as an energetic hub for scientists and development experts. The “Sustainable livelihood” attention can probably support a very important source of “Resettlement & livelihood” development study and investigation.

Methodology

“Methodology is the organised,  theoretic investigation of the techniques applied to a  field of study. It involves the theoretic investigation of the form of methods and principles linked with a branch of knowledge. Usually, it covers conceptions such as (Paradigm, Theoretical Model, Phases and Quantitative or Qualitative Techniques)” (Irny and Rose, 2005). The scientist said that the most practised methods in “Social Sciences & Humanities” study methods are “Quantitative and Qualitative Research” (Morvaridi 2005; p. 2).




Research Design

According to William Zikmund, " Research design is a developing & identifying the methodology and processes for (Collection & Analyzing) the required data”. The researcher explains that "Research Design is the strategy and organised approach of analysis considered thus as to find responses to study "Questions" and to "Control Variance" (Kerlinger, Fred N, 1973). The technique used for "Data Collection" is quantitative research, and design of the study is "Explanatory". The present study region is Study area “Diamer Basha Dam Project, WAPDA Colony, Thore Nullah Valley" and the main focus of the study to examine the social and economic factors if Involuntary Resettlement among the "Affectees" of Theore Nullah "Valley".




Universe

Universe stated that it is a "Collection & set of all components that keep the variable characteristic in the study area". So whole populace from where the sample was developed is called the universe of the present study. There are two types of the universe which is (1) the Human Universe: which is the study of displaced people of the "Dams" construction, and (2) the Geographical Universe: of "Thore Nallah Valley."




Target Population

The target population was “131 Affected Families” who were influenced by the “Land Acquisition of WAPDA Colony and shifted to Thore Nullah Valley. 




Sample Techniques

The researcher adopted "Random Sampling" to select the sample from the total populace of the study. The present study used the "Tero Yamane Technique" to develop the sample size. The sample was "99 Affectees Families", and the sample was developed by the estimation of  "0.05% Level OF Significance".




Data Collection Tools

The "Structured Questionnaire" was developed for data collection, and also the research and "Questionnaire" was translated into Urdu for a better response from the participants. Once taking "Written Content" from participants, the scholar filled the "Questionnaire" from the participants of displaced people. In addition, a translator was also available for those people who do not understand the Urdu language.

Data Analysis

SPSS 16.0 version was used for analysing the data. The present research explored the social and economic factors of "Diamer Basha Dam" Development on dislocated Families and used a quantitative research method for data collection. Once data was collected from families, the scholar adopted the "Chi-Square Test to find out the association between two Variables". Here is the demographical information of the study which is:




 

Table 1. Demographical Information

Sr. No	Demographic Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
1	Residence of Affectee	Village “Rural” City   “Urban”	53 46	53.5 46.5
2	Type of housing structure	Kacha Pacca Semi-Pacca	10 66 23	10.1 66.7 23.2
3	Household's "residence" Status	Rented Own Family	10 66 23	10.1 66.7 23.2
4	Household’s Residing Status	Yes No	77 22	77.8 22.2
5	Age	15-19 20-35 36-50 51-65 66 plus	11 26 36 19 7	11.1 26.3 26.4 19.2 7.1
6	Marital Status	Married Unmarried Separated Widowed	85 10 4 85	85.9 10.1 4.0 85.9
7	Gender	Male Female	50 49	50.5 49.5
8	Language Spoken	Pushto Chinese Urdu	2 97 1	2.0 98.0 1.0
9	Educational Status	None Primary Middle Matric Inter B.A/Bsc M.A/Msc M.phil Ph.D	59 24 9 3 2 1 1 59 24	59.6 24.2 9.1 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 59.6 24.2
10	Relationship with Household’s Head “if not self”	Father Mother Wife Brother Sister Son Daughter	32 1 2 2 3 1 48	32.3 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 48.5
11	Household’s “Head’s Occupation”	Government Service Private Service Business Student Housewife Retired Agriculturalist Labourer Unemployed Not Working	5 12 35 2 21 14 3 5 5 12	5.1 12.1 35.4 2.0 21.2 14.1 3.0 5.1 5.1 12.1
”12	Household’s Head’s “Current Occupation	Government Service Private Service Business Student Housewife Retired Agriculturalist Labourer Unemployed Not Working	6 6 38 1 18 2 5 22 1 6	6.1 6.1 38.4 1.0 18.2 2.0 5.1 22.2 1.0 6.1

 

 




Table no 1 shows the demographical information of variables of the study, with the “Frequency & Percentage” of classifications of demographical “Variables”.




 

Table 2. Effects on “Social interaction”

 

Effects on “Social Interaction”		Settlement Classification						Total
		Chilas	Gilgat	Mansehra	Abbottabad	Islamabad	Thore Valley
No Effect	Count% 16.2	6	2				8	16
Effect	Count% 68.7	22	14	5	4	3	20	68
Don’t know	Count% 15.2	4	3		2		6	15

 




Table No 2 shows that "68.7%" people thought they had an effect, and "16.2%" said that they didn't have an effect. In addition "15.2%" said they do not know about "What is Social Interaction".

 

Chi-Square Test

Through this test researcher explored the“Association between TWO Variables". One variable is Satisfaction", and the other was "Displaced People" to find out the satisfaction of displaced people after "resettlement."

Ho: There is no significant relationship between received compensation and satisfaction among displaced people

H1: There is a significant relationship between received compensation and satisfaction among displaced people




 

Table 3. Chi-Square Test

	Value	DF	Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson “Chi-Square”	56.899a	2	.000
Likelihood Ratio	14.160	2	.001
Linear-By-Linear Association	43.075	1	.000
N OF Valid Cases	99
A.     4 Cells "66.7%" have expected to up less than "5.0, the Lowest Amount expected Count is .02."

 




In this study investigator found the "Relationship between Compensation Received and Satisfaction of Displaced People after the Resettlement". Therefore the scientist adopted the "Chi-Square Test". The Present study "Alternative Hypothesis: There is Relationship between Compensation Received and Satisfaction of Displaced People after the Resettlement, and Null Hypothesis stated: There is no relationship between Compensation Received and Satisfaction of Displaced People after the Resettlement”. The Significance Level is “0.05”, which approve the Alternative Hypothesis: There is Relationship amongst the Compensation and Satisfaction of Displaced People after the Resettlement”.

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the type of resettlement and income.

H2: There is a Significant Relationship between type of resettlement and income.




 

Table 4. Chi-Square Test

	Value	DF	Asymp.Sig. (2-Sided)
Pearson "Chi-Square	1.554a	2	.460
Likelihood “Ratio”	1.879	2	.391
Linear-By-Linear “Association”	1.169	1	.280
N of “Valid Cases”	99
A.     3 CELLS "50.0%" %" have expected to up less than "5.0 the Lowest Amount expected Count is .22."




In this study investigator find out the results through hypothesis and performed the "Chi-Square Test" on the Alternative Hypothesis "There is Relationship amongst Type of Involuntary Resettlement and Income after Resettlement” and Null Hypothesis: “There is no Relationship Amongst Type of Involuntary Resettlement and Income After Resettlement”. The Significance Level is "0.05", which rejects the Alternative Hypothesis "There is a Relationship between Type of Involuntary Resettlement and Income after Resettlement".

Findings Discussion

The present research focuses on social and Economic involuntary Resettlement, and the investigation was through below the intended effect of "Diamer Basha Dam Development" on resettling people in the area of "Gilgit Baltistan" to be studied. The total population of this study was "131 Affected Families" who were influenced by the "Land Acquisition of WAPDA Colony". The researchers suggested that many "Developing" nations have constructed "Mega Dams" for the production of electricity, water of land and water saving to upkeep stated and develop manufacturing in the country. 

Numerous regions of "Mega Dams" effects were examined, including "Social effects, Environmental Hatred, Political corruption, Governmental Connections" and beliefs of enterprise developments initiating independence (Everard 2013; Tischler 2013; Isaac man and Isaac man 2013; Biswas and Tortajad, 2012).In despite of the economic importance of the prerequisite for the "Diamer Basha Dam Project", the undertaking the significant monetary impacts and production of substantial smashes classifying with "Land locating, Land Estimate, Land Rights", Resettlement and Industry.

 The project of Diamer Basha Dam will "Form" a significant part of the "WAPDA Vision 2025 program" in 2001 Government of Pakistan proved this project. The aim of this project will be to enhance the "Water & Power Resources" of the country to improve agricultural needs and the production of electricity in Pakistan. There are five phases in the displacement of people in the colony which is, in "1st phase: “WAPDA Colony will be constructed”, in 2nd phase: “KKH will be displaced”, in 3rd phase: “Production of Dam in this phase”, in 4th phase: “Land will be attained for reserves”, in 5th phase: "Affectees will be displaced, and land will be attained to the construction of Power House". 

Although the lack of resources and land, only "131 Families" were displaced, and the present study region is Thore Valley. On the other hand, the main focus of the research was social & economic factors involved in the loss of "land and belongings" can be examined, but the damage to social and cultural aspects is not probable to investigate and cannot recover if it is harmful. An "Involuntary Resettlement" involves several obliterating of social & economic effects of displaced families. There are negative effects on the affectee's social and economic beliefs due to the Diamer Basha Dam program. It is a tradition that usually persons of this region making help to everybody during the "Crop Period", and as well as on the event of "Wedding & Funeral".

 Many sports were enjoyed by people of this area, and "Hujra" is the basic protecting system of their expected morals. The female's traditions were moderately identifiable with entirely people because of their same cultural norms. Because of "Resettlement", these cultural norms were transmuted into new settings and locations. The "Resettlement of people Left" had harmful impacts on the social & economic system and values of the affectees. According to this study, statistics reveal that "Male 50.1% & Female 49.5%" with their relatives were "Displaced" because of "Diamer Basha Dam", an "92.9%" of the participants stated that "Displacement" affected their social & economic lifecycle and other "6.1%" people shows that this development of dam has no impact on their "Social & Economic" conditions. 

This study showed that "31.1" of the people's "Household" earnings were "8000rs-15000rs Per Month", after displacement this was increased to "30.3%", "21.2% PAPs" were income "16000rs-23000rs Per Month". The "41.4%” of the populace were income "24000rs-31000rs" that reduced by "32.3%" and "6.1%" was income "32000rs or above per Month" but after replacement, it becomes down up to "2%". After displacement, "99.0%" people used electricity. During data collection, it comes to be understood that people were "Resettling" in different areas and "Displacement" also affected other well-being of people. 

This shows "The Relationship of the people with the Household Head that (32.3%)Affectees" were in their parent's home, however, "1%" were staying their mother home and "48.5%" were staying husband home and "18.2%" were living their own home. The findings show that "92.9%" were fully satisfied with the subject of "Post Project" conditions after "Displacement", "98.5%" people had a bank account and "99.2%" had their own conveyance facilities after the "Resettlement".Although "1%" of the families were satisfied with the payment received by WAPDA, "98.0%" had "Partially Satisfied" and "1.0%" with the compensated payment.

Conclusion

The researcher reveals that whichever the study was

conducted to find out the impact of "Diamer Basha Dam" on displaced people but advancement as such effect might be expected. However, the measurements of certain factors determined that "92.9%" fully satisfied with the subject of "Post Project" conditions after "Displacement", "98.5%" people had a bank account and "99.2%" had their own conveyance facilities after the "Resettlement" but many "Factors & sub-Factors" stayed satisfied as per the preceding "Resettlement Policy of the Diamer Basha Dam". There might be numerous causes behindhand, certain usual factors can be linked to this, or there might be further cases behind it. It was stated to be better associated with the displacement of the families. The research suggested that there was no effect and connection of “Diamer Basha” over the affectee’s population. 

The displaced people were taking the compensated money for property "up to "98% & for structure 99%" although for other cases takes "49.5%" compensation received by the displaced people. Almost "77.8% of bank compensation" is received by persons. The whole study shows and stated that the satisfaction ratio related to the "Post Project" condition was "92.9%" fully satisfied, and after "Displacement", "98.5%" people had a bank account and "99.2%" had their own conveyance too. This is very decent compensated money received by the "Project Coordinators", but still a mostly ratio of persons were fully "Unsatisfied" by this money. There were many Social and collective cases that stated low. Then the research found out there was enlightened "Development" and expressively progressive impact of the "Diamer Basha Dam" on the Displaced people.

Recommendations

The present study recommends that this research will be very useful for the upcoming social scientists, scholars, students and professionals in this study area and bring up to date on the displaced people in order to balance their basic lifecycle. The Government of Pakistan can play a vital role in the development of resettled persons and also sustaining their standards and values through the production of Diamer Basha. And there should be ready "A Comprehensive Resettlement Action Plan" before the displacement of people in order to secure the Resettled Affectees. The main recommendation is when they have displaced the families, then they should be moved to a close area of the project for a reason displacement does not only impact on "Host Affectees" might be enabled to give opportunities to move to the same area and live together as getting rid of societal shock.

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