02 Pages : 7-15
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2020(V-I).02 10.31703/gsr.2020(V-I).02 Published : Mar 2020Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community
Research paper defines the problems, issues and challenges faced by the third gender. Paper also examines the role of social structure towards them and hypothetical constraints build by society. Acceptance for the third identity is not permitted by social and religious structure, in paper scholars review the literature, different programs which were already done, research theses, books and work done by scholars in the shapes of Articles. For the collection of data Purposive sampling method adopted. The paper focuses on the social acceptance and religious perspective for the construction of the third identity. The paper mentions the life of the third gender and its limited constraints. It was found that they lead a very difficult life in which family and community support are truly missing.
-
Hijra, Transgender, Identity, social acceptance
-
(1) Muhammad Umair Ali
M.Phil scholar, Department of nternational Development Studies, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Jami. H (July 2005), Condition and status of Hijras in Pakistan, Country report Retrieved from National Institute of Psychology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.
- Chaudhry. G, Khan. S, Ahmed. A & Khan. N, (Dec 2014), The Begging Hijras of Islamabad in the Age of Urbanization: An Anthropological Perspective, Retrieved from https://sci- int.com/pdf/11969631251 a--2553 -2555-AFTAB- An Anthropological Perspective.pdf
- Sharma. P, (Dec 2012), Historical Background and Legal status of third gender in Indian society, Retrieved from IJRESS Volume 2, Issue 12 (December 2012) ISSN: 2249-7382
- Rehan. N, Chaudhary. I & Shah. S, (June 2009), Socio-sexual Behaviour of Hijras of Lahore, Retrieved from Vol. 59, No. 6, June 2009 http://www.jpma.org.pk/PdfDownload/1719.pdf
- Nazir. N & Yasir. A, (June 2016), Education, Employability and Shift of Occupation of Transgender in Pakistan: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Retrieved from, http://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/The Dialogue/11_2/Dialogue_April_June2016_1 58-176.pdf
- Narayanan. S, (Aug. 2016), The scientific causes behind the birth of Hijras or Third gender, Retrieved from http://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/the-scientific-causes-behind-the-birth-of-hijra-or-third- gender
- NIH, (March 2017), National Library of Medicine Gender Dysphoria, Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/gender-dysphoria
- Human rights campaign (April 2017), Understanding the Transgender community Retrieved from https://medium.com/@Dairah/understanding-the-transgender-community-in-pakistan- 27b1205b9eaf
- Punjab laws, (1958), The Punjab Vagrancy Ordinance, 1958 (W.P. Ordinance XX of 1958) Retrieved from http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/94.html
- Pakistan Penal Code, (Oct 1860), Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860), Retrieved from http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html
- Azam. N, (Dec. 2011), Beggarization: Beggary as an Organized Crime in Pakistan, Retrieved from https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/9735/Azam_ku_0099M_118 84_DATA_1.pdf?sequence=1
- Lead Pakistan (May 2015), The Third Sex - On the Fringes of Society, Retrieved from http://www.lead.org.pk/hr/attachments/Compandium/01_Civil_Political_Rights/The_Thi rd_Sex.pdf
- Tabassum. S, & Jamil. S, (2014), Plight of Marginalized: Educational Issues of Transgender Community in Pakistan,Retrieved from view of Arts and Humanities March 2014, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 107-119 ISSN: 2334-2927 (Print), 2334-2935 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development
- Ahmed. J, (January 2010), Sexuality and Gender in Conflict, Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jamil_Chitrali/publication/259006576_sexuality_a nd_gender_in_conflict_residential_patrens_of_eunuchs_hijra_in_Pakistan/links/0deec529b6d6 49daca000000/sexuality_and_gender_in_conflict_residential_patrens_of_eunuchs_hijra_in_Paki stan.pdf
- Murray & Roscoe (1997), Islamic sexuality culture, history and literature, Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en
- Emmanuel, Faran, Blanchard, James, Zaheer, Hasan, Reza, Tahira, McKenzie & Merydth (July 2010), The HIV/AIDS Surveillance Project mapping approach, Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Abstract/2010/07002/The_HIV_AIDS_Surveillance_ Project_mapping.10.aspx
- Laura, Momina, Nighat, Tahria, Nosheen, Shahzad, James & Faran (April 2013), Heterogeneity of characteristics, structure, and dynamics of male and hijra sex workers in selected cities of PakistanRetrieved from http://sti.bmj.com/content/early/2013/04/19/sextrans-2012- 050901.short
- Alefiyan, Saeed, Haider, Khanani & Ali, (Aug 2008), HIV and homosexuality in Pakistan Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147330990870183X
- Jami. H, and Kamal. A, (2015), Measuring Attitudes toward Hijras in Pakistan: Gender and Religiosity in Perspective ,Retrieved fromPakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 2015, Vol. 30, No. 1, 151- 187.
- Ahmed. U, Yasin. G, & Umair. A, (2014), Factors Affecting the Social Exclusion of Eunuchs (Hijras) in Pakistan Retrieved from http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/4782
- Shahnaz, (May 2016), what is in a name? Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521516635327
- Mehmood. A, (February 2012), The express tribune Transgender rights, Nadra provides three geder options, Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/331535/transgender-rights-nadra-provides-three- gender-categories-on-cnic-registration-form/
- Phillips, (1995), Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/constructivism.html
- Michelraj. M, (2015), Historical Evolution of Transgender Community in India, Asian Review of Social Sciences ISSN: 2249-6319 Vol. 4 No. 1, 2015, pp. 17-19 © The Research Publication, www.trp.org.in Retrieved from http://www.trp.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ARSS-Vol.4-No.1-Jan- June-2015-pp.17-19.pdf
- The American Psychological Association, (2011), About Transgender People, 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20002 Public and Member Communications 202.336.5700 Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender.pdf
- Saddique. K, (2017), Transgender Issues in Pakistani Community, Chen Gang school of Journalism and communication Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314116381_Transgender_Issues_in_Pakistani_Co mmunity
- Akal. S, (2015), Costuming Gender: An Investigation and Perception of Drag Costume in Mainstream Film, Durban University of Technology, Retrieved from http://openscholar.dut.ac.za/bitstream/10321/2423/1/AKAL_2015.pdf
- Pardo. S, (2008), Growing up Transgender: Research and Theory Retrieved from http://www.actforyouth.net/resources/rf/rf_trans-identity_0308.pdf
Cite this article
-
APA : Ali, M. U. (2020). Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community. Global Sociological Review, V(I), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2020(V-I).02
-
CHICAGO : Ali, Muhammad Umair. 2020. "Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community." Global Sociological Review, V (I): 7-15 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2020(V-I).02
-
HARVARD : ALI, M. U. 2020. Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community. Global Sociological Review, V, 7-15.
-
MHRA : Ali, Muhammad Umair. 2020. "Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community." Global Sociological Review, V: 7-15
-
MLA : Ali, Muhammad Umair. "Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community." Global Sociological Review, V.I (2020): 7-15 Print.
-
OXFORD : Ali, Muhammad Umair (2020), "Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community", Global Sociological Review, V (I), 7-15
-
TURABIAN : Ali, Muhammad Umair. "Gender Identity and the Issues of Acceptance in Pakistani Community." Global Sociological Review V, no. I (2020): 7-15. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2020(V-I).02