ARTICLE

WOMENS CAREER GROWTH AND TOP POSITIONS FACTORS DETERMINED BY LITERATURE

20 Pages : 181-193

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).20      10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).20      Published : Jun 2022

Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature

    This research study combines scholarly research work on factors influencing women and top positions.Providing a synthesis of 94 research studies published in the ISI web of knowledge, this study not only highlightssignificant factors influencing women's journey towards top managerial positions but also compares literaturefrom developing and developed nations. Empirical and conceptual papers were chosen by scanning the title,abstract and stated aim of the study. Broadly two theoretical models, the Gender Organization and Systemframework by Fagenson-Eland and Baugh (2000) and the Systems of Career Influences Model purposed by DianeMagrane, et al. (2012) were used for the analysis. Overall three themes, Institutional Resources and Strategies,personal and professional roles and values and systemic factors were identified. By using literature each factorwas placed under one theme For analysis all factors (identified by using existing literature) were coded underthree main themes and analysed by using frequencies and charts. In the end, the research gap, implications andlimitations are also mentioned.

    Women Career Development, Women and Top Positions, Career Growth
    (1) Bushra Shafqat
    PhD Scholar, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Kashif Rathore
    Professor, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Yaamina Salman
    Associate Professor, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Arthur, M. a. (1990). The boundaryless career as a new employment principle. in Arthur, M.G. and Rousseau, D.M. (Eds), The Boundaryless Career, Oxford.
  • Bevelander, D., & Page, M. J. (2011). Ms. Trust:Gender, Networks and Trust— Implications for Management and Education. Academy of Management Learning and Education. 10(4), 623-642.
  • Bombuwela, P. &. (2013). Effects of Glass Ceiling on Women Career Development in Private Sector Organizations-Case of Sri Lanka. Journal of Competitiveness. 5(2), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2013.02.01
  • Brass, D. J. (2004). Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multi-level approach. Academy of Management Journal. 47(6), 795- 817. https://doi.org/10.5465/20159624
  • Castano, C., Martín, J., Vázquez, S., & Martínez, J. L. (2010). Female executives and the glass ceiling in Spain. International Labour Review, 149(3), 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564913x.2010.00090.x
  • Cheung, F. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2010). Women at the top: Powerful leaders define success as work + family in a culture of gender. American Psychologist, 65(3), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017309
  • Chovwen, C. (2007). Barriers to acceptance, satisfaction and career growth. Women in Management Review, 22(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420710726238
  • Dainty, A. R. J., Bagilhole, B. M., & Neale, R. H. (2000). A grounded theory of women’s career under-achievement in large UK construction companies. Construction Management and Economics, 18(2), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900370861
  • Magrane, D., Helitzer, D., Morahan, P., Chang, S., Gleason, K., Cardinali, G., & Wu, C.-C. (2012). Systems of Career Influences: A Conceptual Model for Evaluating the Professional Development of Women in Academic Medicine. Journal of Women’s Health, 21(12), 1244–1251. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2012.3638
  • Dowdy, J. K. (2011). Lessons from a black woman administrator: "I’m still here". career development international.
  • Eagly, S. J., & Alice H.. (2002). Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice Toward Female Leaders. Psychological Review. 109(3), 573-598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573
  • Ellemers, N. R. (2012). Women in high places: when and why promoting women into top positions can harm them individually or as a group (and how to prevent this). Research in Organizational Behavior. 32, 163-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2012.10.003
  • Ellemers, N., Heuvel, H., Gilder, D., Maass, A., & Bonvini, A. (2004). The underrepresentation of women in science: Differential commitment or the queen bee syndrome? British Journal of Social Psychology, 43(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1348/0144666042037999
  • Eran Shor, a. A. (2012). A Paper Ceiling: Explaining the Persistent Underrepresentation of women in Print Media . American Sociological Review. 80(5), 960-984. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224155969
  • Fagenson, E. (1990). At the heart of women and management research: Theoretical and methodological approaches and their biases. Journal of Business Ethics. 9, 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380326
  • Fagenson-Eland, E., & Baugh, G. (2000). Career paths, Networking and Mentoring. journal of Human Resouce Management.
  • Foschi, M. (2000). Double Standards for Competence: Theory and Research. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.21
  • Garavan, T. N., O’Brien, F., & O’Hanlon, D. (2006). Career advancement of hotel managers since graduation: a comparative study. Personnel Review, 35(3), 252–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480610656685
  • Gelissen, J., & de Graaf, P. M. (2006). Personality, social background, and occupational career success. Social Science Research, 35(3), 702– 726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.06.005
  • Girvan, N. (2007). Power Imbalances and Development Knowledge. North South Institute.
  • Hakim, C. (2006). Women, careers, and work-life preferences. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 34(3), 279–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880600769118
  • Heilman, M., & Stemm, P. (2007). Gender stereotypes in the workplace: Obstacles to women’s career progress. In S. J. Correll (Ed.), Social psychology of gender: Advances in group processes. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 47-77.
  • Funnell, R., & Chi Dao, H. (2013). Journeys to the top: women university rectors in Vietnam. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 28(5), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1108/gm-11-2012-0094
  • Insch, G. S., McIntyre, N., & Napier, N. K. (2008). The Expatriate Glass Ceiling: The Second Layer of Glass. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9649-0.
  • Jalalzai, F. (2008). Women Rule: Shattering the Glass Ceiling. Politics and Gender.
  • Jogulu, U. D., & Wood, G. J. (2006). The role of leadership theory in raising the profile of women in management. Equal Opportunities International, 25(4), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610150610706230
  • Johnson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., Zewdie, S., & Reichard, R. J. (2008). The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 106(1), 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.12.002
  • Joiner, T. B. (2004). The effects of mentoring on perceived career success, commitment and turnover intentions. The Journal of American Academy of Business.
  • Lyons, S. T., Schweitzer, L., Ng, E. S. W., & Kuron, L. K. J. (2012). Comparing apples to apples. Career Development International, 17(4), 333–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431211255824
  • Linehan, M., & Walsh, J. S. (2001). Key Issues in the Senior Female International Career Move: A Qualitative Study in a European Context. British Journal of Management, 12(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467- 8551.00187
  • Lyness, K. S., & Judiesch, M. K. (1999). Are Women More Likely to Be Hired or Promoted into Management Positions? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(1), 158–173. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1646
  • Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2005). Kaleidoscope careers: An alternate explanation for the “opt-out“ revolution. Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 106–123. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2005.15841962
  • Mintzberg, H. (2001). The yin and the yang of managing. Organizational Dynamics, 29(4), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090- 2616(01)00035-3
  • Rishani, M., Mallah, M., Houssami, S., & Ismail, H. (2015). Lebanese perceptions of the glass ceiling. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 34(8), 678–691. https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082
  • O'Brien, T. N., & O'Hanlon, D. (2006). Career advancement of hotel managers since graduation: a comparative study. Personnel Review Emerald. 35(3), 252-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480610656685
  • Omair, K. (2010). Typology of career development for Arab women managers in the United Arab Emirates. Career Development International, 15(2), 121–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011040932
  • O'Neil, D. A., Hopkins, M. M., & Sullivan, S. E. (2011). Do women's networks help advance women's careers?: Differences in perceptions of female workers and top leadership. Career Development International. 16(7), 733-754. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111187317
  • Parella, S., Petroff, A., & Solé, C. (2013). The Upward Occupational Mobility of Immigrant Women in Spain. Journal of Ethnic andMigration Studies, 39(9), 1365–1382. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2013.815395
  • Ryan, M. K., Alexander Haslam, S., & Postmes, T. (2007). Reactions to the glass cliff. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(2), 182–197. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810710724748
  • Sidani, Y. M., & Al Hakim, Z. T. (2012). Work– family conflicts and job attitudes of single women: a developing country perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(7), 1376–1393. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.579919
  • Snilstveit, B., Oliver, S., & Vojtkova, M. (2012). Narrative approaches to systematic review and synthesis of evidence for international development policy and practice. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 4(3), 409–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2012.710641
  • Timberlake, S. (2005). Social capital and gender in the workplace. Journal of Management Development, 24(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710510572335
  • Walsh, J. (2012). Not Worth the Sacrifice? Women’s Aspirations and Career Progression in Law Firms. Gender, Work & Organization, 19(5), 508–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468- 0432.2012.00607.x
  • Wendt, H., Euwema, M. C., & van Emmerik, I. J. H. (2009). Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.005
  • Steyn, E., & White, K. J. (2011). Navigating the “invisible nets”: challenges and opportunities for women in traditionally male-dominated South Asian newsrooms. Asian Journal of Communication, 21(4), 409–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2011.574712
  • Whitehead, S. (2001). Woman as Manager: A Seductive Ontology. Gender, Work & Organization, 8(1), 84–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0432.00123

Cite this article

    APA : Shafqat, B., Rathore, K., & Salman, Y. (2022). Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature. Global Sociological Review, VII(II), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).20
    CHICAGO : Shafqat, Bushra, Kashif Rathore, and Yaamina Salman. 2022. "Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature." Global Sociological Review, VII (II): 181-193 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).20
    HARVARD : SHAFQAT, B., RATHORE, K. & SALMAN, Y. 2022. Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature. Global Sociological Review, VII, 181-193.
    MHRA : Shafqat, Bushra, Kashif Rathore, and Yaamina Salman. 2022. "Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature." Global Sociological Review, VII: 181-193
    MLA : Shafqat, Bushra, Kashif Rathore, and Yaamina Salman. "Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature." Global Sociological Review, VII.II (2022): 181-193 Print.
    OXFORD : Shafqat, Bushra, Rathore, Kashif, and Salman, Yaamina (2022), "Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature", Global Sociological Review, VII (II), 181-193
    TURABIAN : Shafqat, Bushra, Kashif Rathore, and Yaamina Salman. "Women's Career Growth and Top Positions - Factors Determined by Literature." Global Sociological Review VII, no. II (2022): 181-193. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).20