References

• Abdullah, F. S. (2014). Mass media discourse: A critical analysis research agenda. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22, 1- 18.
• moli, F. A. (2016). The effect of Fairclough’s approach in Iranian literacy texts: Critical discourse analysis perspective. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4), 658- 658.
• Balraj, B. (2015). Understanding objectification theory. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL), 3(11), 70-74.
• Blackstone, A. M. (2003). Gender roles and society. In J. R. Miller, R. M. Lerner, and L. B. Schiamberg (eds.) Human ecology: An encyclopedia of children, families, communities, and environments (pp. 335-338). Santa Barbara, CA
• Bridges, D., & Wadham, B. (2020). Gender under fire: portrayals of military women in the Australian print media. Feminist Media Studies, 20(2), 219-237.
• Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London: Routledge
• Calogero, R. M. (2012). Objectification theory, self- objectification, and body image. In T. F. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (pp. 574–580). Elsevier Academic Press
• Collins, R. L. (2011). Content analysis of gender roles in media: Where are we now and where should we go?. Sex Roles, 64(3), 290-298
• Connell, R. (2009). Gender: In world perspective. Cambridge: Polity Press
• Dastidar, R. G. (2018). Gender inequality–a global issue. International Journal of Research, 5(19), 383-395.
• Daraz, U., Ahmad, A., & Bilal, M. (2018). Gender inequality in education: An analysis of socio- cultural factors and impacts on the economic development of Malakand, Pakistan. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 2(2), 50-58.
• Drid, T. (2019). The study of news: a discourse analysis perspective. Journal El-Bahith in Human and Social Sciences, 10(35), 701-708.
• DragaÅ¡, M. (2012). Gender relations in daily newspaper headlines: The representation of gender inequality with respect to the media representation of women (critical discourse analysis). Studia Humana, 1(2), 67-78.
• Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (2013). Language and gender. NewYork: Cambridge University Press
• Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London: Longman
• Fairclough, N. (1992a). Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press
• Fairclough, N. (1992b). Critical Language Awareness. New York: Longman.
• Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London: Edward Arnold.
• Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and power (2nd edition). London: Longman.
• Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. A multidisciplinary introduction. Discourse as social interaction. Discourse Studies, 271-280.
• Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173-206.
• Gee, J. P. (2011). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. New York: Routledge
• Gothreau, C. M. (2021). Sex objects: How self- objectification undermines political efficacy and engagement. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 42(4), 275-296.
• Greenwald, M. S. (1990). Gender representation in newspaper business sections. Newspaper Research Journal, 11(1), 68-74.
• Halliday, M.A.K. (2014). Halliday's Introduction to functional grammar (4th Edition). London: Edward Arnold
• Hohendorf, M., & Pucci, D. A. (2014). Discourse of gender: How language creates reality. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Linnaeus University, Sweden).
• Jamil, M. F. (2018). Stereotypical and non- stereotypical representation of women in Pakistani TV advertisements. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 5(10), 2018, 58-66.
• Jayachandran, S. (2015). The roots of gender inequality in developing countries. Economics, 7(1), 63-88
• Janks, H. (1997). Critical discourse analysis as a research tool. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 18(3), 329-342
• Johannessen, J. (2006 ). Gender, media and development. The role of media in the cultural of gender transformation in Tanzania. [Doctoral dissertation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology].
• Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women's empowerment: A critical analysis of the third millennium development goal 1. Gender & Development, 13(1), 13-24.
• Kian, E. M. (2007). Gender in sports writing by the print media: An exploratory examination of writers’ experiences and attitudes. The SMART Journal, 4(1), 5-26.
• Launius, C., & Hassel, H. (2018). Threshold concepts in women's and gender studies: Ways of seeing, thinking, and knowing. New York: Routledge.
• Lazar, M. M. (2005). Feminist critical discourse analysis : gender, power and ideology in discourse. Palgrave Macmillan eBooks. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA8391594X
• Van Zoonen, E. (1995). Gender, representation and the media. Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction, 311–328.
• Masitoh, D., & Pramesti, F. A. (2020). Gender inequality in Pakistan caused by domestic factors and conflict resolving based on CEDAW: Nation state: Journal of International Studies, 3(2), 241-258.
• Manisha, M. S., & Mangla, S. (2009). Social construction of gender through mediated communication in India. Journal of Content. Community & Communication Amity School of Communication, 9(5), 64-67
• Mansoor, Z. (2013). Print media language: Contributing to the stereotypical portrayal of Pakistani women. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(7), 153- 155.
• Meyerson, D. E., & Kolb, D. M. (2000). Moving out of the arm chair: Developing a framework to bridge the gap between feminist theory and practice. Organization, 7(4), 553-571
• Mirzaee, S., & Hamidi, H. (2012). Critical discourse analysis and Fairclough’s model. ELT Voices- India, 2(5), 182-191.
• Motion, J., & Leitch, S. (2007). A toolbox for public relations: The oeuvre of Michel Foucault. Public Relations Review, 33(3), 263-268.
• Nurjannah, A. V. (2018). A critical discourse analysis of online newspaper articles on 29th SEA games flag incident. Literacy, Culture, and Technology in Language Pedagogy and Use, 9, 19-23.
• Paynter, S. (2018). The Girls of our future: Gender inequality in Pakistan and China. Global Majority E-Journal, 9(1), 45-55.
• Payne, L. (2009). A study of newspaper treatment of male and female political candidates. [Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Missouri-Columbia]
• Ponthieux, S., & Meurs, D. (2015). Gender inequality. In A. B. Atkinson and F. Bourguignon (Eds.), Handbook of income distribution (pp. 981-1146). Oxford, Elsevier.
• Popa, D., & Gavriliu, D. (2015). Gender representations and digital media. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1199-1206.
• Qadir, S. A., & Riaz, F. (2015). Gendered political identity construction in Pakistani television talk shows. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 20.
• Ramanathan, R., & Hoon, T. B. (2015). Application of critical discourse analysis in media discourse studies. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 21(2),57-68.
• Rozas, L., Busse, P., Barnoya, J., & Garrón, A. (2021). Data on gender representation in food and beverage print advertisements found in corner stores from Guatemala and Peru. BMC Research Notes, 14(1), 1-4
• ubin, G. S. (2002). Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In H. Abelove, M. A. Barale & D. M. Halperin (Eds.), Culture, society and sexuality: A reader (pp. 143-178). Routledge.
• Sheerin, C., & Garavan, T. (2021). Female leaders as 'superwomen': Post-global financial crisis media framing of women and leadership in investment banking in UK print media 2016. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 86- 102307
• Sriwimon, L., & Zilli, P. J. (2017). Applying critical discourse analysis as a conceptual framework for investigating gender stereotypes in political media discourse. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(2), 136-142.
• Ullah, H., Khan, A. N., Khan, H. N., & Ibrahim, A. (2016). Gender representation in Pakistani print media-a critical analysis. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies, 12(1), 53-70.
• Van Dijk, T. A. (1991). Racism in the press. London: Routledge.
• Ward, L. M., & Grower, P. (2020). Media and the development of gender role stereotypes. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 2, 177-199.
• Wang, W., & Liu, W. (2015). Critical discourse analysis of news reports on China's bullet-train crash. Studies in Literature and Language, 10(2), 42.
• Wodak, R. & Meyer, M. (Eds.) (2009). Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage Publications.
• Wood, J. T. (1994). Gendered media: The influence of media on views of gender. Gendered lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture, 9, 231-244.
• Xue, C. (2008). Critically evaluate the understanding of gender as discourse. International Education Studies, 1(2), 54-57.
• Yasmin, M., Masso, I. C., Bukhari, N. H., & Aboubakar, M. (2019). Thespians in print: Gender portrayal in Pakistani English print media. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 6(1), 166-177.