References
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- Acharya, A., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: why and how of it? Indian Journal of Medical Specialities, 4(2), 330-333. https://doi.org/10.7713/ijms.2013.0032
- Akhmedov, B. A. (2021). Innovative cluster model for improving the quality of education. Academic Research in Educational Sciences, 2(3), 528–534. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/innovative-cluster-model-for-improving-the-quality-of-education
- Alrowwad, A., Abualoush, S. H., & Masa’deh, R. (2020). Innovation and intellectual capital as intermediary variables among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 39(2), 196–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-02-2019-0062
- Asante, E., & Ngulube, P. (2020). Critical success factors for total quality management implementation and implications for sustainable academic libraries. Library Management, 41(6/7), 545–563. https://doi.org/10.1108/lm-02-2020-0017
- Baig, S. A., Abrar, M., Ali, A., & Ahmad, M. (2013). Implementation of TQM on higher education in Pakistan (short communication). Quality & Quantity, 49(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9973-7
- Barcaccia, B., Esposito, G., Matarese, M., Bertolaso, M., Elvira, M. M., & De Marinis, M. G. (2013). Defining quality of life: A Wild-Goose chase? Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v9i1.484
- Batool, Z., Rashid, M., & Riaz, N. (2013). Quality Assurance reflections on higher education in Pakistan. Journal of Educational Research, 16(2), 45. https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3391828731/quality-assurance-reflections-on-higher-education
- Beerkens, M. (2018). Evidence-based policy and higher education quality assurance: progress, pitfalls and promise. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1475248
- Beerkens, M., & Udam, M. (2017). Stakeholders in higher Education Quality assurance: richness in diversity? Higher Education Policy, 30(3), 341– 359. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-016-0032-6
- Caeiro, S., Hamón, L. a. S., Martins, R., & Aldaz, C. E. B. (2020). Sustainability Assessment and Benchmarking in Higher Education Institutions—A Critical Reflection. Sustainability, 12(2), 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020543
- Chhin, C. S., Taylor, K. A., & Wei, W. S. (2018). Supporting a Culture of Replication: An examination of education and special Education research grants funded by the Institute of Education Sciences. Educational Researcher, 47(9), 594–605. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x18788047
- Chonjo, P. (1994). The quality of education in Tanzanian primary schools: an assessment of physical facilities and teaching and learning materials. Utafiti, 1(1), 36–46. https://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Jo urnals/pdfs/Utafiti/vol1no1NS/aejpNS001001004.pdf
- Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Clark Plano, V. L., & Morales, A. (2007). Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(2), 236–264
- Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
- Darmaji, D., Mustiningsih, M., & Arifin, I. (2019). Quality management education in the industrial revolution era 4.0 and society 5.0. 5th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2019), 565–570
- De Wit, H., & Altbach, P. G. (2020b). Internationalization in higher education: global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5(1), 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898
- Duffy, M., & Chenail, R. J. (2009). Values in qualitative and quantitative research. Counseling and Values, 53(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2009.tb00111.x
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- Garira, E. (2020). A proposed unified conceptual framework for quality of education in schools. SAGE Open, 10(1), 215824401989944. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899445
- Harvey, L., & Green, D. (1993). Defining quality. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 18(1), 9–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/0260293930180102
- HEC. (2005). Quality Assurance Agency Quality Assurance Agency. https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/Pages/default.aspx
- HEC. (2006). Quality Assurance Agency Quality Enhancement Cells in HEIs. https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/Pages/QECs.aspx
- Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Mapping the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in leadership and employee championing behavior during organizational change. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.09.002
- Jamoliddinovich, U. B. (2022). Fundamentals of education quality in higher education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact Factor: 7.429, 11(01), 149–151. https://gejournal.net/index.php/IJSSIR/article/view/107
- Javed, Y., & Alenezi, M. (2023). A case study on sustainable quality assurance in Higher education. Sustainability, 15(10), 8136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108136
- Jia, M., Gong, D., Luo, J., Zhao, J., Zheng, J., & Li, K. (2019). Who can benefit more from massive open online courses? A prospective cohort study. Nurse Education Today, 76, 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.02.004
- Lim, D. (2018). Quality assurance in Higher Education: A study of developing countries. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315204147
- Mason, J. (2017). Qualitative researching. sage.
- Morgan, J. (2015). Is Economics Responding to Critique? What do the UK 2015 QAA Subject Benchmarks Indicate? Review of Political Economy, 27(4), 518–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2015.1084774
- Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. PubMed, 34(5 Pt 2), 1189–1208. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591279
- Prestiadi, D., Zulkarnain, W., & Sumarsono, R. B. (2019). Visionary Leadership in Total Quality Management: Efforts to Improve the Quality of Education in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. https://doi.org/10.2991/coema-19.2019.40
- Sallis, E. (2014). Total quality management in education. Routledge.
- Seyfried, M., & Pohlenz, P. (2018). Assessing quality assurance in higher education: quality managers’ perceptions of effectiveness. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1474777
- Shafqat, T., Mushtaq, R., Tahir, Z., & Shaheen, W. A. (2021). Effects of Total Quality Management (TQM) on Financial and Non-Financial Performance: Evidence From Higher Educational Sector of Pakistan. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(3), 1027–1037. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93101
- Shufutinsky, A. (2020). Employing use of self for transparency, rigor, trustworthiness, and credibility in qualitative organizational research methods. Organization Development Review, 52(1), 50–58.
- Solievich, T. N. (2022). Specific aspects of improving the quality of education in higher education institutions. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 12(9), 31–34.
- Zhuravel, Y. V., Popadynets, N., Irtyshcheva, I., StetsÑ–v, I., Stetsiv, I., Hryhoruk, I., Boiko, Y.,
- Kramarenko, I., Hryshyna, N., & Trushliakova, A. (2021). Management aspects in the higher education quality assurance system. In Advances in intelligent systems and computing (pp. 635– 642). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74009-2_81
- Abbott, B., Gallipoli, G., Meghir, C., & Violante, G. L. (2019). Education policy and intergenerational transfers in equilibrium. Journal of Political Economy, 127(6), 2569–2624. https://doi.org/10.1086/702241
- Acharya, A., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: why and how of it? Indian Journal of Medical Specialities, 4(2), 330-333. https://doi.org/10.7713/ijms.2013.0032
- Akhmedov, B. A. (2021). Innovative cluster model for improving the quality of education. Academic Research in Educational Sciences, 2(3), 528–534. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/innovative-cluster-model-for-improving-the-quality-of-education
- Alrowwad, A., Abualoush, S. H., & Masa’deh, R. (2020). Innovation and intellectual capital as intermediary variables among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 39(2), 196–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-02-2019-0062
- Asante, E., & Ngulube, P. (2020). Critical success factors for total quality management implementation and implications for sustainable academic libraries. Library Management, 41(6/7), 545–563. https://doi.org/10.1108/lm-02-2020-0017
- Baig, S. A., Abrar, M., Ali, A., & Ahmad, M. (2013). Implementation of TQM on higher education in Pakistan (short communication). Quality & Quantity, 49(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9973-7
- Barcaccia, B., Esposito, G., Matarese, M., Bertolaso, M., Elvira, M. M., & De Marinis, M. G. (2013). Defining quality of life: A Wild-Goose chase? Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v9i1.484
- Batool, Z., Rashid, M., & Riaz, N. (2013). Quality Assurance reflections on higher education in Pakistan. Journal of Educational Research, 16(2), 45. https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3391828731/quality-assurance-reflections-on-higher-education
- Beerkens, M. (2018). Evidence-based policy and higher education quality assurance: progress, pitfalls and promise. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1475248
- Beerkens, M., & Udam, M. (2017). Stakeholders in higher Education Quality assurance: richness in diversity? Higher Education Policy, 30(3), 341– 359. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-016-0032-6
- Caeiro, S., Hamón, L. a. S., Martins, R., & Aldaz, C. E. B. (2020). Sustainability Assessment and Benchmarking in Higher Education Institutions—A Critical Reflection. Sustainability, 12(2), 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020543
- Chhin, C. S., Taylor, K. A., & Wei, W. S. (2018). Supporting a Culture of Replication: An examination of education and special Education research grants funded by the Institute of Education Sciences. Educational Researcher, 47(9), 594–605. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x18788047
- Chonjo, P. (1994). The quality of education in Tanzanian primary schools: an assessment of physical facilities and teaching and learning materials. Utafiti, 1(1), 36–46. https://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Jo urnals/pdfs/Utafiti/vol1no1NS/aejpNS001001004.pdf
- Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Clark Plano, V. L., & Morales, A. (2007). Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(2), 236–264
- Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
- Darmaji, D., Mustiningsih, M., & Arifin, I. (2019). Quality management education in the industrial revolution era 4.0 and society 5.0. 5th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2019), 565–570
- De Wit, H., & Altbach, P. G. (2020b). Internationalization in higher education: global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5(1), 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898
- Duffy, M., & Chenail, R. J. (2009). Values in qualitative and quantitative research. Counseling and Values, 53(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2009.tb00111.x
- ENQA. (2019). European association for quality assurance in higher education.
- Garira, E. (2020). A proposed unified conceptual framework for quality of education in schools. SAGE Open, 10(1), 215824401989944. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899445
- Harvey, L., & Green, D. (1993). Defining quality. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 18(1), 9–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/0260293930180102
- HEC. (2005). Quality Assurance Agency Quality Assurance Agency. https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/Pages/default.aspx
- HEC. (2006). Quality Assurance Agency Quality Enhancement Cells in HEIs. https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/Pages/QECs.aspx
- Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Mapping the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in leadership and employee championing behavior during organizational change. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.09.002
- Jamoliddinovich, U. B. (2022). Fundamentals of education quality in higher education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact Factor: 7.429, 11(01), 149–151. https://gejournal.net/index.php/IJSSIR/article/view/107
- Javed, Y., & Alenezi, M. (2023). A case study on sustainable quality assurance in Higher education. Sustainability, 15(10), 8136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108136
- Jia, M., Gong, D., Luo, J., Zhao, J., Zheng, J., & Li, K. (2019). Who can benefit more from massive open online courses? A prospective cohort study. Nurse Education Today, 76, 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.02.004
- Lim, D. (2018). Quality assurance in Higher Education: A study of developing countries. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315204147
- Mason, J. (2017). Qualitative researching. sage.
- Morgan, J. (2015). Is Economics Responding to Critique? What do the UK 2015 QAA Subject Benchmarks Indicate? Review of Political Economy, 27(4), 518–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2015.1084774
- Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. PubMed, 34(5 Pt 2), 1189–1208. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591279
- Prestiadi, D., Zulkarnain, W., & Sumarsono, R. B. (2019). Visionary Leadership in Total Quality Management: Efforts to Improve the Quality of Education in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. https://doi.org/10.2991/coema-19.2019.40
- Sallis, E. (2014). Total quality management in education. Routledge.
- Seyfried, M., & Pohlenz, P. (2018). Assessing quality assurance in higher education: quality managers’ perceptions of effectiveness. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1474777
- Shafqat, T., Mushtaq, R., Tahir, Z., & Shaheen, W. A. (2021). Effects of Total Quality Management (TQM) on Financial and Non-Financial Performance: Evidence From Higher Educational Sector of Pakistan. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(3), 1027–1037. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93101
- Shufutinsky, A. (2020). Employing use of self for transparency, rigor, trustworthiness, and credibility in qualitative organizational research methods. Organization Development Review, 52(1), 50–58.
- Solievich, T. N. (2022). Specific aspects of improving the quality of education in higher education institutions. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 12(9), 31–34.
- Zhuravel, Y. V., Popadynets, N., Irtyshcheva, I., StetsÑ–v, I., Stetsiv, I., Hryhoruk, I., Boiko, Y.,
- Kramarenko, I., Hryshyna, N., & Trushliakova, A. (2021). Management aspects in the higher education quality assurance system. In Advances in intelligent systems and computing (pp. 635– 642). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74009-2_81
Cite this article
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APA : Naqvi, S. U. E. L., Naz, F., & Sharif, I. (2023). Efficiency of HEC's Quality Assurance Agency's (QAA) Framework: Perceptions of Quality Enhancement Cells' (QECs) Executives of Pakistani Universities. Global Sociological Review, VIII(II), 420-432. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-II).43
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CHICAGO : Naqvi, Syeda Um E Laila, Farah Naz, and Iqra Sharif. 2023. "Efficiency of HEC's Quality Assurance Agency's (QAA) Framework: Perceptions of Quality Enhancement Cells' (QECs) Executives of Pakistani Universities." Global Sociological Review, VIII (II): 420-432 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-II).43
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HARVARD : NAQVI, S. U. E. L., NAZ, F. & SHARIF, I. 2023. Efficiency of HEC's Quality Assurance Agency's (QAA) Framework: Perceptions of Quality Enhancement Cells' (QECs) Executives of Pakistani Universities. Global Sociological Review, VIII, 420-432.
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MHRA : Naqvi, Syeda Um E Laila, Farah Naz, and Iqra Sharif. 2023. "Efficiency of HEC's Quality Assurance Agency's (QAA) Framework: Perceptions of Quality Enhancement Cells' (QECs) Executives of Pakistani Universities." Global Sociological Review, VIII: 420-432
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MLA : Naqvi, Syeda Um E Laila, Farah Naz, and Iqra Sharif. "Efficiency of HEC's Quality Assurance Agency's (QAA) Framework: Perceptions of Quality Enhancement Cells' (QECs) Executives of Pakistani Universities." Global Sociological Review, VIII.II (2023): 420-432 Print.
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OXFORD : Naqvi, Syeda Um E Laila, Naz, Farah, and Sharif, Iqra (2023), "Efficiency of HEC's Quality Assurance Agency's (QAA) Framework: Perceptions of Quality Enhancement Cells' (QECs) Executives of Pakistani Universities", Global Sociological Review, VIII (II), 420-432
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TURABIAN : Naqvi, Syeda Um E Laila, Farah Naz, and Iqra Sharif. "Efficiency of HEC's Quality Assurance Agency's (QAA) Framework: Perceptions of Quality Enhancement Cells' (QECs) Executives of Pakistani Universities." Global Sociological Review VIII, no. II (2023): 420-432. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-II).43