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- Bailey, F. G. (1963). Closed Social Stratification in India. European Journal of Sociology, 4(01), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600000710
- Damodar, S. V. (1923). Hindutva. Who is a Hindu? New Delhi: Bharatiya Sahitya Sadan.
- Desai, R. (2011). Producing and contesting the ‘communalized city’: Hindutva politics and urban space in Ahmedabad. The Fundamentalist City, Nezar AlSayyad, Mejgan Massoumi (Eds.). Routledge; London. 99-124
- Dhattiwala, R., & Biggs, M. (2012). The Political Logic of Ethnic Violence. Politics & Society, 40(4), 483–516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329212461125
- Diwakar, R. (2015). The 16th general election in India, April–May 2014. Electoral Studies, 37, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.11.005
- George, C. (2022 FEB 28). The Rise of Hindu Nationalism. THE MIT PRESS READER. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-rise- of-hindu-nationalism
- Golwalkar, M. S. (1939). Our nationhood defined. Nagpur, India: Bharat Prakashan.
- Graff, V., & Galonnier, J. (2012). Hindu-Muslim Communal Riots in India II (1986-2011). Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence, Paris, Sciences Po, CERI.
- Hilali, A. Z. (2021). Kashmir Combustible Region: Abrogation of Articles 370 & 35-A and its Grave Implications. Journal of Indian Studies, 7(2), 247-268. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/indianStudies/PDF/1_v7_2_21.pdf
- Howard, T. A. (2018). Hindu Nationalism against Religious Pluralism—or, the Sacralization of Religious Identity and Its Discontents in Present-Day India. Faith in a Pluralist Age, 62.
- Huang, Y., & Khanna, T. (2003). Can India Overtake China? Foreign Policy, 137, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/3183699
- Jaffrelot, C. (1999). The Hindu nationalist movement and Indian politics: 1925 to the 1990s: strategies of identity-building, implantation and mobilisation (with special reference to Central India). Penguin Books India.
- Jaffrelot, C. (2010). Religion, caste, and politics in India. Primus Books.
- Jaffrelot, C. (2015). The Modi-centric BJP 2014 election campaign: new techniques and old tactics. Contemporary South Asia, 23(2), 151– 166. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2015.1027662
- Javed, T. (2020). Indian Citizenship Act: Reality and Usage. Available at SSRN 3773693.
- Korbel, J. (2021). From Domicile to Dominion: India's Settler Colonial Agenda in Kashmir. Harvard Law Review, 134, 2530- 2551. https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-134/from-domicile-to-dominion-indias-settler-colonial-agenda-in-kashmir
- Leidig, E. (2020). Hindutva as a variant of right-wing extremism. Patterns of Prejudice, 54(3), 215– 237. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.2020.1759861
- Mahajan, G. (2002). Secularism as religious non- discrimination: The universal and the particular in the Indian context. India Review, 1(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480208404619
- Nair, P. (2009). Religious political parties and their welfare work: relations between the RSS, the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Vidya Bharati Schools in India. Working Paper. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Oza, R. (2013). The geography of Hindu right-wing violence in India. In Violent geographies (pp. 159-180). Routledge
- Palshikar, S. (2015). The BJP and Hindu Nationalism: Centrist Politics and Majoritarian Impulses. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 38(4), 719–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2015.1089460
- Pandow, B. A. (2021). Communication blackout and media gag: State-sponsored restrictions in conflict-hit region of Jammu and Kashmir. Identities, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289x.2021.19207 72
- Rambachan, A. (2003). The Co-Existence of Violence and Non-violence in Hinduism. The Ecumenical Review, 55(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.2003.tb00186.x
- Ratnagar, S. (2007). The Aryan Homeland Debate in India. Selective Remembrances: Archeology in the Construction, Commemoration, and Consecration of National Pasts. Philip L. Kohl, Mara Kozelsky & Nachman Ben-Yehuda (Eds.). Chicago; the University of Chicago Press
- Reddy, D. S. (2006). Religious Identity and Political Destiny: Hindutva in the Culture of Ethnicism (Vol. 3). Rowman Altamira.
- Sahi, G. (2022). Public Sentiment on Ayodhya Verdict by the Supreme Court of India. International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development, 14(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.295561
- Shankar, S. K. (2015). Indias of the Mind: Responses to Cultural Nationalism in Indian Popular Culture Post-Hindutva (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California).
- Sircar, N. (2022). Religion-as-Ethnicity and the Emerging Hindu Vote in India. Studies in Indian Politics, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/23210230221082824
- Sultana, T. N. Dr. (2021). Muslim Issues and Print Media. Mahi Publication. Ahmedabad; India
- Syed, A. R. (2019 July 26). Saffronised India. Daily Times. https://dailytimes.com.pk/437525/saffro nised-india
- Tamimi, M. J. (2009). Hinduism in South Asia: Myth and Reality. South Asian Studies, 24(2), 221- 241. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/csas/PDF/4- Hinduism%20in%20South%20Asia--- Myth%20and%20Reality.pdf http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/csas/PDF/4- Hinduism%20in%20South%20Asia---Myth%20and%20Reality.pdf
- Thakur, R. (1993). Ayodhya and the Politics of India’s Secularism: A Double-Standards Discourse. Asian Survey, 33(7), 645–664. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.1993.33.7.00p02947
- Tremblay, R. C., & Kapur, A. (2017). Modi’s foreign policy. SAGE Publishing India.
- Verma, M. (Nov, 2019). Diminishing the Role of Parliament: The Case of the Jammu and Kashmir. Economic and Political Weekly (Engage), 54(45), 16. https://www.epw.in/engage/article/diminishin g-role-parliament-case-jammu-and-kashmir
- Zagardo, D. V. (2012). India's Bharatiya Janata Party: Nationalism, religious zeal and political opportunism. St. New York; John's University.
- Anderson, E., & Longkumer, A. (2018). “Neo- Hindutvaâ€: evolving forms, spaces, and expressions of Hindu nationalism. Contemporary South Asia, 26(4), 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2018.1548576
- Bailey, F. G. (1963). Closed Social Stratification in India. European Journal of Sociology, 4(01), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600000710
- Damodar, S. V. (1923). Hindutva. Who is a Hindu? New Delhi: Bharatiya Sahitya Sadan.
- Desai, R. (2011). Producing and contesting the ‘communalized city’: Hindutva politics and urban space in Ahmedabad. The Fundamentalist City, Nezar AlSayyad, Mejgan Massoumi (Eds.). Routledge; London. 99-124
- Dhattiwala, R., & Biggs, M. (2012). The Political Logic of Ethnic Violence. Politics & Society, 40(4), 483–516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329212461125
- Diwakar, R. (2015). The 16th general election in India, April–May 2014. Electoral Studies, 37, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.11.005
- George, C. (2022 FEB 28). The Rise of Hindu Nationalism. THE MIT PRESS READER. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-rise- of-hindu-nationalism
- Golwalkar, M. S. (1939). Our nationhood defined. Nagpur, India: Bharat Prakashan.
- Graff, V., & Galonnier, J. (2012). Hindu-Muslim Communal Riots in India II (1986-2011). Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence, Paris, Sciences Po, CERI.
- Hilali, A. Z. (2021). Kashmir Combustible Region: Abrogation of Articles 370 & 35-A and its Grave Implications. Journal of Indian Studies, 7(2), 247-268. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/indianStudies/PDF/1_v7_2_21.pdf
- Howard, T. A. (2018). Hindu Nationalism against Religious Pluralism—or, the Sacralization of Religious Identity and Its Discontents in Present-Day India. Faith in a Pluralist Age, 62.
- Huang, Y., & Khanna, T. (2003). Can India Overtake China? Foreign Policy, 137, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/3183699
- Jaffrelot, C. (1999). The Hindu nationalist movement and Indian politics: 1925 to the 1990s: strategies of identity-building, implantation and mobilisation (with special reference to Central India). Penguin Books India.
- Jaffrelot, C. (2010). Religion, caste, and politics in India. Primus Books.
- Jaffrelot, C. (2015). The Modi-centric BJP 2014 election campaign: new techniques and old tactics. Contemporary South Asia, 23(2), 151– 166. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2015.1027662
- Javed, T. (2020). Indian Citizenship Act: Reality and Usage. Available at SSRN 3773693.
- Korbel, J. (2021). From Domicile to Dominion: India's Settler Colonial Agenda in Kashmir. Harvard Law Review, 134, 2530- 2551. https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-134/from-domicile-to-dominion-indias-settler-colonial-agenda-in-kashmir
- Leidig, E. (2020). Hindutva as a variant of right-wing extremism. Patterns of Prejudice, 54(3), 215– 237. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.2020.1759861
- Mahajan, G. (2002). Secularism as religious non- discrimination: The universal and the particular in the Indian context. India Review, 1(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480208404619
- Nair, P. (2009). Religious political parties and their welfare work: relations between the RSS, the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Vidya Bharati Schools in India. Working Paper. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Oza, R. (2013). The geography of Hindu right-wing violence in India. In Violent geographies (pp. 159-180). Routledge
- Palshikar, S. (2015). The BJP and Hindu Nationalism: Centrist Politics and Majoritarian Impulses. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 38(4), 719–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2015.1089460
- Pandow, B. A. (2021). Communication blackout and media gag: State-sponsored restrictions in conflict-hit region of Jammu and Kashmir. Identities, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289x.2021.19207 72
- Rambachan, A. (2003). The Co-Existence of Violence and Non-violence in Hinduism. The Ecumenical Review, 55(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.2003.tb00186.x
- Ratnagar, S. (2007). The Aryan Homeland Debate in India. Selective Remembrances: Archeology in the Construction, Commemoration, and Consecration of National Pasts. Philip L. Kohl, Mara Kozelsky & Nachman Ben-Yehuda (Eds.). Chicago; the University of Chicago Press
- Reddy, D. S. (2006). Religious Identity and Political Destiny: Hindutva in the Culture of Ethnicism (Vol. 3). Rowman Altamira.
- Sahi, G. (2022). Public Sentiment on Ayodhya Verdict by the Supreme Court of India. International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development, 14(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.295561
- Shankar, S. K. (2015). Indias of the Mind: Responses to Cultural Nationalism in Indian Popular Culture Post-Hindutva (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California).
- Sircar, N. (2022). Religion-as-Ethnicity and the Emerging Hindu Vote in India. Studies in Indian Politics, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/23210230221082824
- Sultana, T. N. Dr. (2021). Muslim Issues and Print Media. Mahi Publication. Ahmedabad; India
- Syed, A. R. (2019 July 26). Saffronised India. Daily Times. https://dailytimes.com.pk/437525/saffro nised-india
- Tamimi, M. J. (2009). Hinduism in South Asia: Myth and Reality. South Asian Studies, 24(2), 221- 241. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/csas/PDF/4- Hinduism%20in%20South%20Asia--- Myth%20and%20Reality.pdf http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/csas/PDF/4- Hinduism%20in%20South%20Asia---Myth%20and%20Reality.pdf
- Thakur, R. (1993). Ayodhya and the Politics of India’s Secularism: A Double-Standards Discourse. Asian Survey, 33(7), 645–664. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.1993.33.7.00p02947
- Tremblay, R. C., & Kapur, A. (2017). Modi’s foreign policy. SAGE Publishing India.
- Verma, M. (Nov, 2019). Diminishing the Role of Parliament: The Case of the Jammu and Kashmir. Economic and Political Weekly (Engage), 54(45), 16. https://www.epw.in/engage/article/diminishin g-role-parliament-case-jammu-and-kashmir
- Zagardo, D. V. (2012). India's Bharatiya Janata Party: Nationalism, religious zeal and political opportunism. St. New York; John's University.
Cite this article
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APA : Raazia, I., Akhtar, S., & Nawaz, M. (2022). Hindutva 2.0 as a Variant of Indian Islamophobia: An Analysis of Praxis of Indian Society. Global Sociological Review, VII(II), 269-279. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).29
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CHICAGO : Raazia, Izzat, Shahzad Akhtar, and Maryam Nawaz. 2022. "Hindutva 2.0 as a Variant of Indian Islamophobia: An Analysis of Praxis of Indian Society." Global Sociological Review, VII (II): 269-279 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).29
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HARVARD : RAAZIA, I., AKHTAR, S. & NAWAZ, M. 2022. Hindutva 2.0 as a Variant of Indian Islamophobia: An Analysis of Praxis of Indian Society. Global Sociological Review, VII, 269-279.
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MHRA : Raazia, Izzat, Shahzad Akhtar, and Maryam Nawaz. 2022. "Hindutva 2.0 as a Variant of Indian Islamophobia: An Analysis of Praxis of Indian Society." Global Sociological Review, VII: 269-279
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MLA : Raazia, Izzat, Shahzad Akhtar, and Maryam Nawaz. "Hindutva 2.0 as a Variant of Indian Islamophobia: An Analysis of Praxis of Indian Society." Global Sociological Review, VII.II (2022): 269-279 Print.
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OXFORD : Raazia, Izzat, Akhtar, Shahzad, and Nawaz, Maryam (2022), "Hindutva 2.0 as a Variant of Indian Islamophobia: An Analysis of Praxis of Indian Society", Global Sociological Review, VII (II), 269-279
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TURABIAN : Raazia, Izzat, Shahzad Akhtar, and Maryam Nawaz. "Hindutva 2.0 as a Variant of Indian Islamophobia: An Analysis of Praxis of Indian Society." Global Sociological Review VII, no. II (2022): 269-279. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-II).29