References
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- Alotaibi, M. S., Fox, M., Coman, R., Ratan, Z. A., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022). Smartphone Addiction Prevalence and Its Association on Academic Performance, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063710
- Amez, S., & Baert, S. (2020). Smartphone use and academic performance: A literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJER.2020.101618
- Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teen’s Social Media Habits and Experiences. PEW Research Center, November, 33. https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/11/28/teens-social-media-habits-and-experiences/
- Awedh, M., Mueen, A., Zafar, B., & Manzoor, U. (2014). Using Socrative and Smartphones for the support of collaborative learning. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education, 3(4), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijite.2014.3402
- Back, S. N., Flechsenhar, A., Bertsch, K., & Zettl, M. (2021). Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Dimensional Models of Personality Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: Opportunities and Challenges. Current Psychiatry Reports, 23(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-021-01265-5
- Baert, S., Vujić, S., Amez, S., Claeskens, M., Daman, T., Maeckelberghe, A., Omey, E., & De Marez, L. (2020). Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: Correlation or Causal Relationship? Kyklos, 73(1), 22–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/KYKL.12214
- Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0
- Brunette, M. F., Achtyes, · E, Pratt, · S, Stilwell, · K, Opperman, · M, Guarino, · S, & Kay-Lambkin, · F. (2019). Use of Smartphones, Computers, and Social Media Among People with SMI: Opportunity for Intervention. Community Mental Health Journal, 55, 973–978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00431-7
- Cha, S., & Seo, B. (2018). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea : Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918755046
- Chegeni, M., Nakhaee, N., Shahrbabaki, P. M., Shahrbabaki, M. E., & Haghdoost, A. A. (2022). Does Childhood Trauma Associate with Social Media Addiction? A Cross-sectional Study from Iran. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00718-5
- Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1974), 591–621. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015
- Downey, C., & Crummy, A. (2022). The impact of childhood trauma on children's well-being and adult behavior. European Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100237
- Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety, and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2016.12.023
- Gadziński, J. (2018a). Perspectives of the use of smartphones in travel behavior studies: Findings from a literature review and a pilot study. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 88, 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRC.2018.01.011
- Gikas, J., & Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphones,smartphones & social media. Internet and Higher Education, 19, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.06.002
- Hartley, K., Bendixen, L. D., Shreve, E., & Gianoutsos, D. (2022). Smartphone Usage and Studying: Investigating Relationships between Type of Use and Self-Regulatory Skills. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 6(6), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6060044
- Hughes, N., & Burke, J. (2018). Sleeping with the frenemy: How restricting ‘bedroom use’ of smartphones impacts happiness and wellbeing. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2018.03.047
- Kim, H. J., Min, J. Y., Min, K. B., Lee, T. J., & Yoo, S. (2018). Relationship among family environment, self-control, friendship quality, and adolescents’ smartphone addiction in South Korea: Findings from nationwide data. PLoS ONE, 13(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190896
- Kustijono, R., & Zuhri, F. (2018). The use of Facebook and WhatsApp applications in the learning process of physics to train students' critical thinking skills. IOP Conference Series, 296, 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/296/1/012025
- Lekawael, R. F. J. (2017). THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE AND INTERNET USAGE ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING. English Review: Journal of English Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v5i2.540
- Mahoney, J. L., Durlak, J. A., & Weissberg, R. P. (2018). An update on social and emotional learning outcome research. Phi Delta Kappan, 100(4), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721718815668
- Maryuningsih, Y., Hidayat, T., Riandi, R., & Rustaman, N. Y. (2020). Profile of information and communication technologies (ICT) skills of prospective teachers. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/4/042009
- Nami, F. (2019). Educational smartphone apps for language learning in higher education: Students’ choices and perceptions. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 82–95. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5350
- Polepally Ashok, G. (2018). Childhood Trauma, BDSM, and Self-Esteem: An Exploration of the Impact of Childhood Trauma on Sexual Behavior and the Effects on Self-Esteem. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 108. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/childhood-trauma-bdsm-self-esteem-exploration/docview/2122149512/se-2%0A
- Rozgonjuk, D., Levine, J. C., Hall, B. J., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). The association between problematic smartphone use, depression, and anxiety symptom severity, and objectively measured smartphone use over one week. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2018.05.019
- Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
- SMARTPHONE USE AMONG LEADERS : AN EXPLORATION INTO SMARTPHONE ADDICTION, CAREER BURNOUT, AND LEADER-MEMBER RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT by Landon Shields Dissertation Submitted to the faculty of Trevecca Nazarene University School of Graduate and Profession. (2019). September.
- Stiawan, D. (2018). The use of Facebook and WhatsApp applications in the learning process of physics to train students ' critical thinking skills The use of Facebook and WhatsApp applications in the learning process of physics to train students ' critical thinking skills. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/296/1/012025
- Tariq, J., Usmani, A., Imran, M., & Faraz, N. (2019). Social And Health Related Effects of Smart Phone Usage Among University Students. Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, 09(03), 179–182. https://doi.org/10.51985/jbumdc2019013
- Albó, L., Hernández-Leo, D., & Moreno Oliver, V. (2019). Smartphones or laptops in the collaborative classroom? A study of video-based learning in higher education. Behavior and Information Technology, 38(6), 637–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1549596
- Alotaibi, M. S., Fox, M., Coman, R., Ratan, Z. A., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022). Smartphone Addiction Prevalence and Its Association on Academic Performance, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063710
- Amez, S., & Baert, S. (2020). Smartphone use and academic performance: A literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJER.2020.101618
- Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teen’s Social Media Habits and Experiences. PEW Research Center, November, 33. https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/11/28/teens-social-media-habits-and-experiences/
- Awedh, M., Mueen, A., Zafar, B., & Manzoor, U. (2014). Using Socrative and Smartphones for the support of collaborative learning. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education, 3(4), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijite.2014.3402
- Back, S. N., Flechsenhar, A., Bertsch, K., & Zettl, M. (2021). Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Dimensional Models of Personality Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: Opportunities and Challenges. Current Psychiatry Reports, 23(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-021-01265-5
- Baert, S., Vujić, S., Amez, S., Claeskens, M., Daman, T., Maeckelberghe, A., Omey, E., & De Marez, L. (2020). Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: Correlation or Causal Relationship? Kyklos, 73(1), 22–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/KYKL.12214
- Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0
- Brunette, M. F., Achtyes, · E, Pratt, · S, Stilwell, · K, Opperman, · M, Guarino, · S, & Kay-Lambkin, · F. (2019). Use of Smartphones, Computers, and Social Media Among People with SMI: Opportunity for Intervention. Community Mental Health Journal, 55, 973–978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00431-7
- Cha, S., & Seo, B. (2018). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea : Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918755046
- Chegeni, M., Nakhaee, N., Shahrbabaki, P. M., Shahrbabaki, M. E., & Haghdoost, A. A. (2022). Does Childhood Trauma Associate with Social Media Addiction? A Cross-sectional Study from Iran. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00718-5
- Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1974), 591–621. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015
- Downey, C., & Crummy, A. (2022). The impact of childhood trauma on children's well-being and adult behavior. European Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100237
- Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety, and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2016.12.023
- Gadziński, J. (2018a). Perspectives of the use of smartphones in travel behavior studies: Findings from a literature review and a pilot study. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 88, 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRC.2018.01.011
- Gikas, J., & Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphones,smartphones & social media. Internet and Higher Education, 19, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.06.002
- Hartley, K., Bendixen, L. D., Shreve, E., & Gianoutsos, D. (2022). Smartphone Usage and Studying: Investigating Relationships between Type of Use and Self-Regulatory Skills. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 6(6), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6060044
- Hughes, N., & Burke, J. (2018). Sleeping with the frenemy: How restricting ‘bedroom use’ of smartphones impacts happiness and wellbeing. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2018.03.047
- Kim, H. J., Min, J. Y., Min, K. B., Lee, T. J., & Yoo, S. (2018). Relationship among family environment, self-control, friendship quality, and adolescents’ smartphone addiction in South Korea: Findings from nationwide data. PLoS ONE, 13(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190896
- Kustijono, R., & Zuhri, F. (2018). The use of Facebook and WhatsApp applications in the learning process of physics to train students' critical thinking skills. IOP Conference Series, 296, 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/296/1/012025
- Lekawael, R. F. J. (2017). THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE AND INTERNET USAGE ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING. English Review: Journal of English Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v5i2.540
- Mahoney, J. L., Durlak, J. A., & Weissberg, R. P. (2018). An update on social and emotional learning outcome research. Phi Delta Kappan, 100(4), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721718815668
- Maryuningsih, Y., Hidayat, T., Riandi, R., & Rustaman, N. Y. (2020). Profile of information and communication technologies (ICT) skills of prospective teachers. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/4/042009
- Nami, F. (2019). Educational smartphone apps for language learning in higher education: Students’ choices and perceptions. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 82–95. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5350
- Polepally Ashok, G. (2018). Childhood Trauma, BDSM, and Self-Esteem: An Exploration of the Impact of Childhood Trauma on Sexual Behavior and the Effects on Self-Esteem. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 108. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/childhood-trauma-bdsm-self-esteem-exploration/docview/2122149512/se-2%0A
- Rozgonjuk, D., Levine, J. C., Hall, B. J., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). The association between problematic smartphone use, depression, and anxiety symptom severity, and objectively measured smartphone use over one week. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2018.05.019
- Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
- SMARTPHONE USE AMONG LEADERS : AN EXPLORATION INTO SMARTPHONE ADDICTION, CAREER BURNOUT, AND LEADER-MEMBER RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT by Landon Shields Dissertation Submitted to the faculty of Trevecca Nazarene University School of Graduate and Profession. (2019). September.
- Stiawan, D. (2018). The use of Facebook and WhatsApp applications in the learning process of physics to train students ' critical thinking skills The use of Facebook and WhatsApp applications in the learning process of physics to train students ' critical thinking skills. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/296/1/012025
- Tariq, J., Usmani, A., Imran, M., & Faraz, N. (2019). Social And Health Related Effects of Smart Phone Usage Among University Students. Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, 09(03), 179–182. https://doi.org/10.51985/jbumdc2019013
Cite this article
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APA : Karim, N. A., Mumtaz, S., & Naeem, M. (2023). Influence of Smartphones on Childhood Trauma (Behavior): A Narrative Analysis of Secondary School at Karachi. Global Sociological Review, VIII(I), 407-418. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).40
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CHICAGO : Karim, Naseem Abdul, Sadia Mumtaz, and Muhammad Naeem. 2023. "Influence of Smartphones on Childhood Trauma (Behavior): A Narrative Analysis of Secondary School at Karachi." Global Sociological Review, VIII (I): 407-418 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).40
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HARVARD : KARIM, N. A., MUMTAZ, S. & NAEEM, M. 2023. Influence of Smartphones on Childhood Trauma (Behavior): A Narrative Analysis of Secondary School at Karachi. Global Sociological Review, VIII, 407-418.
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MHRA : Karim, Naseem Abdul, Sadia Mumtaz, and Muhammad Naeem. 2023. "Influence of Smartphones on Childhood Trauma (Behavior): A Narrative Analysis of Secondary School at Karachi." Global Sociological Review, VIII: 407-418
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MLA : Karim, Naseem Abdul, Sadia Mumtaz, and Muhammad Naeem. "Influence of Smartphones on Childhood Trauma (Behavior): A Narrative Analysis of Secondary School at Karachi." Global Sociological Review, VIII.I (2023): 407-418 Print.
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OXFORD : Karim, Naseem Abdul, Mumtaz, Sadia, and Naeem, Muhammad (2023), "Influence of Smartphones on Childhood Trauma (Behavior): A Narrative Analysis of Secondary School at Karachi", Global Sociological Review, VIII (I), 407-418
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TURABIAN : Karim, Naseem Abdul, Sadia Mumtaz, and Muhammad Naeem. "Influence of Smartphones on Childhood Trauma (Behavior): A Narrative Analysis of Secondary School at Karachi." Global Sociological Review VIII, no. I (2023): 407-418. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(VIII-I).40