SECTARIANISM AND ITS IMPACTS ON SOCIAL TOLERANCE A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF SOUTH PUNJAB

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-I).07      10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-I).07      Published : Mar 2022
Authored by : Kamran Fiaz , Ahsan Riaz , Muqarrab Akbar

07 Pages : 63-71

References

  • Abbas, H. (2010). Shiism and sectarian conflict in Pakistan: identity politics, Iranian influence, and tit-for-tat violence. Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point
  • Ahmed, K. (2011). Sectarian war: Pakistan's Sunni- Shia Violence and its links to the Middle East. Oxford University Press.
  • Akbar, M. (2021). Countering violent extremism through community resilience in Southern Punjab: A case study of university students and professionals. In M. S. Khilji, S. M. Ahmad, & A. Q. Suleri (Eds.), Policy Perspectives on Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan 09- 20. Sustainable Development Policy Institute Islamabad.
  • Basit, A. (2013). The Expansion of Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 5(4), 14-16.
  • Broer, N. A., De Muynck, B., Potgieter, F. J., Wolhuter, C. C., & Van der Walt, J. L. (2014). Measuring religious tolerance among final year education students-the birth of a questionnaire. International Journal for Religious Freedom, 7(1_2), 77-96.
  • Dedalus, S. (2009). The Bitter Harvest Sectarianism in Balochistan. Middle East Report, (251), 42- 47.
  • Ghattas, K. (2020). Black wave: Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the forty-year rivalry that unraveled culture, religion, and collective memory in the Middle East. Henry Holt and Company.
  • Gengler, J. (2016). The political economy of sectarianism in the Gulf (1-30). Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
  • Grare, F. (2007). The evolution of sectarian conflicts in Pakistan and the ever-changing face of Islamic violence. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 30(1), 127-143.
  • Hashemi, N. (2016). Toward a political theory of sectarianism in the Middle East: The salience of authoritarianism over theology. Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies, 1(1), 65-76.
  • Hamid, M. (2011). Why Pakistan will survive. In Lodhi, M. (2011) (Ed.), Pakistan: Beyond the Crisis State, 35-43.
  • International Crisis Group. (2016). The Eye of the Storm: Security Dynamics in Southern Punjab. In Pakistan's Jihadist Heartland: Southern Punjab (3-15). International Crisis Group.
  • Karim, M. S., & Riaz, S. (2021). Opinions and Attitudes Towards Extremism A Comparison of Students Enrolled at Public and Private Universities in Karachi. In M. S. Khilji, S. M. Ahmad, & A. Q. Suleri (Eds.), Policy Perspectives on Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan (pp. 09-20). Sustainable Development Policy Institute Islamabad.
  • Misra, A. (2015). Life in brackets: Minority Christians and hegemonic violence in Pakistan. International journal on minority and group rights, 22(2), 157-181.
  • Nasr, V. R. (2000). International Politics, Domestic Imperatives, and Identity Mobilization: Sectarianism in Pakistan, 1979-1998. Comparative Politics, 171-190.
  • Nasr, V. (2006). When the Shiites rise. Foreign Affairs, 58-74.
  • Nasr, V. (2007). The Shia revival: How conflicts within Islam will shape the future. WW Norton & Company.
  • Nietzsche, F. W. (1911). The dawn of day 9. TN Foulis
  • Potter, L. G. (2015). Sectarianism in the Middle East. Great Decisions, 29-40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44214791
  • Abbas, H. (2010). Shiism and sectarian conflict in Pakistan: identity politics, Iranian influence, and tit-for-tat violence. Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point
  • Ahmed, K. (2011). Sectarian war: Pakistan's Sunni- Shia Violence and its links to the Middle East. Oxford University Press.
  • Akbar, M. (2021). Countering violent extremism through community resilience in Southern Punjab: A case study of university students and professionals. In M. S. Khilji, S. M. Ahmad, & A. Q. Suleri (Eds.), Policy Perspectives on Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan 09- 20. Sustainable Development Policy Institute Islamabad.
  • Basit, A. (2013). The Expansion of Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 5(4), 14-16.
  • Broer, N. A., De Muynck, B., Potgieter, F. J., Wolhuter, C. C., & Van der Walt, J. L. (2014). Measuring religious tolerance among final year education students-the birth of a questionnaire. International Journal for Religious Freedom, 7(1_2), 77-96.
  • Dedalus, S. (2009). The Bitter Harvest Sectarianism in Balochistan. Middle East Report, (251), 42- 47.
  • Ghattas, K. (2020). Black wave: Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the forty-year rivalry that unraveled culture, religion, and collective memory in the Middle East. Henry Holt and Company.
  • Gengler, J. (2016). The political economy of sectarianism in the Gulf (1-30). Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
  • Grare, F. (2007). The evolution of sectarian conflicts in Pakistan and the ever-changing face of Islamic violence. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 30(1), 127-143.
  • Hashemi, N. (2016). Toward a political theory of sectarianism in the Middle East: The salience of authoritarianism over theology. Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies, 1(1), 65-76.
  • Hamid, M. (2011). Why Pakistan will survive. In Lodhi, M. (2011) (Ed.), Pakistan: Beyond the Crisis State, 35-43.
  • International Crisis Group. (2016). The Eye of the Storm: Security Dynamics in Southern Punjab. In Pakistan's Jihadist Heartland: Southern Punjab (3-15). International Crisis Group.
  • Karim, M. S., & Riaz, S. (2021). Opinions and Attitudes Towards Extremism A Comparison of Students Enrolled at Public and Private Universities in Karachi. In M. S. Khilji, S. M. Ahmad, & A. Q. Suleri (Eds.), Policy Perspectives on Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan (pp. 09-20). Sustainable Development Policy Institute Islamabad.
  • Misra, A. (2015). Life in brackets: Minority Christians and hegemonic violence in Pakistan. International journal on minority and group rights, 22(2), 157-181.
  • Nasr, V. R. (2000). International Politics, Domestic Imperatives, and Identity Mobilization: Sectarianism in Pakistan, 1979-1998. Comparative Politics, 171-190.
  • Nasr, V. (2006). When the Shiites rise. Foreign Affairs, 58-74.
  • Nasr, V. (2007). The Shia revival: How conflicts within Islam will shape the future. WW Norton & Company.
  • Nietzsche, F. W. (1911). The dawn of day 9. TN Foulis
  • Potter, L. G. (2015). Sectarianism in the Middle East. Great Decisions, 29-40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44214791

Cite this article

    APA : Fiaz, K., Riaz, A., & Akbar, M. (2022). Sectarianism and Its Impacts on Social Tolerance: A Case Study of University Students of South Punjab. Global Sociological Review, VII(I), 63-71 . https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-I).07
    CHICAGO : Fiaz, Kamran, Ahsan Riaz, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2022. "Sectarianism and Its Impacts on Social Tolerance: A Case Study of University Students of South Punjab." Global Sociological Review, VII (I): 63-71 doi: 10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-I).07
    HARVARD : FIAZ, K., RIAZ, A. & AKBAR, M. 2022. Sectarianism and Its Impacts on Social Tolerance: A Case Study of University Students of South Punjab. Global Sociological Review, VII, 63-71 .
    MHRA : Fiaz, Kamran, Ahsan Riaz, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2022. "Sectarianism and Its Impacts on Social Tolerance: A Case Study of University Students of South Punjab." Global Sociological Review, VII: 63-71
    MLA : Fiaz, Kamran, Ahsan Riaz, and Muqarrab Akbar. "Sectarianism and Its Impacts on Social Tolerance: A Case Study of University Students of South Punjab." Global Sociological Review, VII.I (2022): 63-71 Print.
    OXFORD : Fiaz, Kamran, Riaz, Ahsan, and Akbar, Muqarrab (2022), "Sectarianism and Its Impacts on Social Tolerance: A Case Study of University Students of South Punjab", Global Sociological Review, VII (I), 63-71
    TURABIAN : Fiaz, Kamran, Ahsan Riaz, and Muqarrab Akbar. "Sectarianism and Its Impacts on Social Tolerance: A Case Study of University Students of South Punjab." Global Sociological Review VII, no. I (2022): 63-71 . https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-I).07